这类的工具有 比如 ：LeakDiag leakfinder "Visual Leak Detector"
vld可以从http://vld.codeplex.com/releases/view/82311 现在最新版本，包括src源代码。
安装好以后，他会提示 要求添加 dll 到环境变量中去。
使用 vld 的方法为：在自己的代码中 添加 vld 的头文件，以及 lib 声明，其会自动去环境变量path中搜索 vld_x86.dll 或vld_x64.dll ，然后 调用其中的方法的。
头文件有俩：vld_def.h 和 vld.h，只需要包含后者（其会包含前者的）
贴下他们的源码、
vld_def.h代码
1 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
2 //
3 // Visual Leak Detector - Import Library Header
4 // Copyright (c) 2005-2012 VLD Team
5 //
6 // This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
7 // modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
8 // License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
9 // version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
10 //
11 // This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
12 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
13 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
14 // Lesser General Public License for more details.
15 //
16 // You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
17 // License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
18 // Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
19 //
20 // See COPYING.txt for the full terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
21 //
22 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
23
24 #pragma once
25
26 #define VLD_OPT_AGGREGATE_DUPLICATES 0x0001 // If set, aggregate duplicate leaks in the leak report.
27 #define VLD_OPT_MODULE_LIST_INCLUDE 0x0002 // If set, modules in the module list are included, all others are excluded.
28 #define VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_DEBUGGER 0x0004 // If set, the memory leak report is sent to the debugger.
29 #define VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_FILE 0x0008 // If set, the memory leak report is sent to a file.
30 #define VLD_OPT_SAFE_STACK_WALK 0x0010 // If set, the stack is walked using the "safe" method (StackWalk64).
31 #define VLD_OPT_SELF_TEST 0x0020 // If set, perform a self-test to verify memory leak self-checking.
32 #define VLD_OPT_SLOW_DEBUGGER_DUMP 0x0040 // If set, inserts a slight delay between sending output to the debugger.
33 #define VLD_OPT_START_DISABLED 0x0080 // If set, memory leak detection will initially disabled.
34 #define VLD_OPT_TRACE_INTERNAL_FRAMES 0x0100 // If set, include useless frames (e.g. internal to VLD) in call stacks.
35 #define VLD_OPT_UNICODE_REPORT 0x0200 // If set, the leak report will be encoded UTF-16 instead of ASCII.
36 #define VLD_OPT_VLDOFF 0x0400 // If set, VLD will be completely deactivated. It will not attach to any modules.
37 #define VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_STDOUT 0x0800 // If set, the memory leak report is sent to stdout.
38 #define VLD_OPT_SKIP_HEAPFREE_LEAKS 0x1000 // If set, VLD skip HeapFree memory leaks.
39 #define VLD_OPT_VALIDATE_HEAPFREE 0x2000 // If set, VLD verifies and reports heap consistency for HeapFree calls.
40 #define VLD_OPT_RELEASE_CRT_RUNTIME 0x4000 // If set, VLD treat CRT runtime as release version (use only with define VLD_FORCE_ENABLE).
41
42 #define VLD_RPTHOOK_INSTALL 0
43 #define VLD_RPTHOOK_REMOVE 1
44
45 typedef int (__cdecl * VLD_REPORT_HOOK)(int reportType, wchar_t *message, int *returnValue);
vld.h
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Visual Leak Detector - Import Library Header
// Copyright (c) 2005-2012 VLD Team
//
// This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
// version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
// Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
//
// See COPYING.txt for the full terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#pragma once
#include "vld_def.h"
#if defined _DEBUG || defined VLD_FORCE_ENABLE
#include <windows.h>
//#pragma comment(lib, "vld.lib")
// Force a symbolic reference to the global VisualLeakDetector class object from
// the DLL. This ensures that the DLL is loaded and linked with the program,
// even if no code otherwise imports any of the DLL's exports.
#pragma comment(linker, "/include:__imp_?g_vld@@3VVisualLeakDetector@@A")
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// Visual Leak Detector APIs
//
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif // __cplusplus
// VLDDisable - Disables Visual Leak Detector's memory leak detection at
// runtime. If memory leak detection is already disabled, then calling this
// function has no effect.
//
// Note: In multithreaded programs, this function operates on a per-thread
// basis. In other words, if you call this function from one thread, then
// memory leak detection is only disabled for that thread. If memory leak
// detection is enabled for other threads, then it will remain enabled for
// those other threads. It was designed to work this way to insulate you,
// the programmer, from having to ensure thread synchronization when calling
// VLDEnable() and VLDDisable(). Without this, calling these two functions
// unsynchronized could result in unpredictable and unintended behavior.
// But this also means that if you want to disable memory leak detection
// process-wide, then you need to call this function from every thread in
// the process.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDDisable ();
// VLDEnable - Enables Visual Leak Detector's memory leak detection at runtime.
// If memory leak detection is already enabled, which it is by default, then
// calling this function has no effect.
//
// Note: In multithreaded programs, this function operates on a per-thread
// basis. In other words, if you call this function from one thread, then
// memory leak detection is only enabled for that thread. If memory leak
// detection is disabled for other threads, then it will remain disabled for
// those other threads. It was designed to work this way to insulate you,
// the programmer, from having to ensure thread synchronization when calling
// VLDEnable() and VLDDisable(). Without this, calling these two functions
// unsynchronized could result in unpredictable and unintended behavior.
// But this also means that if you want to enable memory leak detection
// process-wide, then you need to call this function from every thread in
// the process.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDEnable ();
// VLDRestore - Restore Visual Leak Detector's previous state.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDRestore ();
// VLDGlobalDisable - Disables Visual Leak Detector's memory leak detection at
// runtime in all threads. If memory leak detection is already disabled,
// then calling this function has no effect.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDGlobalDisable ();
// VLDGlobalEnable - Enables Visual Leak Detector's memory leak detection
// at runtime in all threads. If memory leak detection is already enabled,
// which it is by default, then calling this function has no effect.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDGlobalEnable ();
// VLDReportLeaks - Report leaks up to the execution point.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) UINT VLDReportLeaks ();
// VLDGetLeaksCount - Return memory leaks count to the execution point.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) UINT VLDGetLeaksCount ();
// VLDMarkAllLeaksAsReported - Mark all leaks as reported.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDMarkAllLeaksAsReported ();
// VLDRefreshModules - Look for recently loaded DLLs and patch them if necessary.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDRefreshModules();
// VLDEnableModule - Enable Memory leak checking on the specified module.
//
// module: module handle.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDEnableModule(HMODULE module);
// VLDDisableModule - Disable Memory leak checking on the specified module.
//
// module: module handle.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDDisableModule(HMODULE module);
// VLDGetOptions - Return all current options.
//
// Return Value:
//
// Mask of current options.
//
__declspec(dllimport) UINT VLDGetOptions();
// VLDGetReportFilename - Return current report filename.
//
// filename: current report filename (max characters - MAX_PATH).
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDGetReportFilename(WCHAR *filename);
// VLDSetOptions - Update the report options via function call rather than INI file.
//
// option_mask: Only the following flags are checked
// VLD_OPT_AGGREGATE_DUPLICATES
// VLD_OPT_MODULE_LIST_INCLUDE
// VLD_OPT_SAFE_STACK_WALK
// VLD_OPT_SLOW_DEBUGGER_DUMP
// VLD_OPT_TRACE_INTERNAL_FRAMES
// VLD_OPT_START_DISABLED
// VLD_OPT_SKIP_HEAPFREE_LEAKS
// VLD_OPT_VALIDATE_HEAPFREE
//
// maxDataDump: maximum number of user-data bytes to dump for each leaked block.
//
// maxTraceFrames: maximum number of frames per stack trace for each leaked block.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDSetOptions(UINT option_mask, SIZE_T maxDataDump, UINT maxTraceFrames);
// VLDSetModulesList - Set list of modules included/excluded in leak detection
// depending on parameter "includeModules".
//
// modules: list of modules to be forcefully included/excluded in leak detection.
//
// includeModules: include or exclude that modules.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDSetModulesList(CONST WCHAR *modules, BOOL includeModules);
// VLDGetModulesList - Return current list of included/excluded modules
// depending on flag VLD_OPT_TRACE_INTERNAL_FRAMES.
//
// modules: destination string for list of included/excluded modules (maximum length 512 characters).
//
// size: maximum string size.
//
// Return Value:
//
// BOOL: TRUE if include modules, otherwise FALSE.
//
__declspec(dllimport) BOOL VLDGetModulesList(WCHAR *modules, UINT size);
// VLDSetReportOptions - Update the report options via function call rather than INI file.
//
// Only the following flags are checked
// VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_DEBUGGER
// VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_FILE
// VLD_OPT_REPORT_TO_STDOUT
// VLD_OPT_UNICODE_REPORT
//
// filename is optional and can be NULL.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllimport) void VLDSetReportOptions(UINT option_mask, CONST WCHAR *filename);
// VLDSetReportHook - Installs or uninstalls a client-defined reporting function by hooking it
// into the C run-time debug reporting process (debug version only).
//
// mode: The action to take: VLD_RPTHOOK_INSTALL or VLD_RPTHOOK_REMOVE.
//
// pfnNewHook: Report hook to install or remove.
//
// Return Value:
//
// int: 0 if success.
//
__declspec(dllimport) int VLDSetReportHook(int mode, VLD_REPORT_HOOK pfnNewHook);
// VLDResolveCallstacks - Performs symbol resolution for all saved extent CallStack's that have
// been tracked by Visual Leak Detector. This function is necessary for applications that
// dynamically load and unload modules, and through which memory leaks might be included.
// If this is NOT called, stack traces may have stack frames with no symbol information. This
// happens because the symbol API's cannot look up symbols for a binary / module that has been unloaded
// from the process.
//
// Return Value:
//
// None.
//
__declspec(dllexport) void VLDResolveCallstacks();
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif // __cplusplus
#else // !_DEBUG
#define VLDEnable()
#define VLDDisable()
#define VLDRestore()
#define VLDReportLeaks() 0
#define VLDGetLeaksCount() 0
#define VLDMarkAllLeaksAsReported()
#define VLDRefreshModules()
#define VLDEnableModule(a)
#define VLDDisableModule(b)
#define VLDGetOptions() 0
#define VLDGetReportFilename(a)
#define VLDSetOptions(a, b, c)
#define VLDSetReportHook(a, b)
#define VLDSetModulesList(a)
#define VLDGetModulesList(a, b) FALSE
#define VLDSetReportOptions(a, b)
#endif // _DEBUG
这 vld 并没有提供sample，提供的src源代码 也只是 编译成 dll的。
于是 我自己写了一个工程vldTest（用 vs2010 建立 console的 普通 的win32 程序）
下面就是测试的代码，lib和h文件 的路径 你自己看着办就行。vld.h里面也有 这个 包括 pragma lib的，注释掉 或者 将 lib添加到 path 还是 Library_Path什么环境变量中去。
下面的代码 功能是 写一个 内存泄漏 的程序，说白了，就是分配内存，但是没有释放掉。虽然程序结束会释放掉，但是如果不结束 一直 不释放的，就是内存泄漏了。下面程序 有2个内存泄漏，但是 vld 检测是3个。对了 编写成 DEBUG模式，才会启用 vld的功能。原因 看 vld.h的条件编译。
// vldTest.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "..\include\vld.h"
#pragma comment(lib,"../lib/Win32/vld.lib")
class MyTest
{
public:
MyTest(const char *szName)
{
// The following is the second resulting leak
m_pszName = strdup(szName);
}
~MyTest()
{
if (m_pszName != NULL)
free(m_pszName);
m_pszName = NULL;
}
protected:
char *m_pszName;
};
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
int * ptrInt;
ptrInt=(int*)malloc(10);
memset(ptrInt,0xed,10);
printf("0x%08x\n",*ptrInt);
//VLDEnable();
//VLDRestore();
//VLDGlobalEnable();
// This is the "main" leak
MyTest *pTest = new MyTest("This is an example");
//VLDReportLeaks();
//VLDGetLeaksCount ();
return 0;
}
运行效果如图：（为了显示全部，去掉了MyTest 那句话）。
如果 加上 free(ptrInt); 就没有泄漏了。如图
除了 0xedededed 这句话 其他都是 vld 的输出。如果发布成 release，默认 不会 调用 vld了。
程序参考了
http://topic.csdn.net/t/20021216/13/1265024.html
http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/3134/Memory-Leak-and-Exception-Trace-CRT-and-COM-Leaks