java 用Graphics制作模糊验证码

时间:2023-02-03 07:41:53

这篇随笔主要是java中制作验证码的效果,由于是在国庆前做的,现在也找不到原载了。我对自己整理的发表一份

生成的验证码效果如下:

java 用Graphics制作模糊验证码

一、建立一个工具类,用来生成验证码

  1 package com.dkt.util;
  2 
  3 import java.awt.Color;
  4 import java.awt.Font;
  5 import java.awt.Graphics;
  6 import java.awt.Graphics2D;
  7 import java.awt.RenderingHints;
  8 import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
  9 import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
 10 import java.io.File;
 11 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 12 import java.io.IOException;
 13 import java.io.OutputStream;
 14 import java.util.Arrays;
 15 import java.util.Random;
 16  
 17 import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
 18 /**
 19  * <p><b>VerifyCodeUtils Description:</b> (验证码生成)</p>
 20  * <b>DATE:</b> 2016年6月2日 下午3:53:34
 21  */
 22 public class VerifyCodeUtils{
 23      
 24     //使用到Algerian字体,系统里没有的话需要安装字体,字体只显示大写,去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
 25     public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
 26     private static Random random = new Random();
 27  
 28  
 29     /**
 30      * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
 31      * @param verifySize    验证码长度
 32      * @return
 33      */
 34     public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize){
 35         return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
 36     }
 37     /**
 38      * 使用指定源生成验证码
 39      * @param verifySize    验证码长度
 40      * @param sources   验证码字符源
 41      * @return
 42      */
 43     public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources){
 44         if(sources == null || sources.length() == 0){
 45             sources = VERIFY_CODES;
 46         }
 47         int codesLen = sources.length();
 48         Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
 49         StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
 50         for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
 51             //随机在验证字符中取一个值
 52             verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen-1)));
 53         }
 54         return verifyCode.toString();//得到四位数的验证码
 55     }
 56      
 57     /**
 58      * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
 59      * @param w
 60      * @param h
 61      * @param outputFile
 62      * @param verifySize
 63      * @return
 64      * @throws IOException
 65      */
 66     public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException{
 67         String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
 68         outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
 69         return verifyCode;
 70     }
 71      
 72     /**
 73      * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
 74      * @param w
 75      * @param h
 76      * @param os
 77      * @param verifySize
 78      * @return
 79      * @throws IOException
 80      */
 81     public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException{
 82         String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
 83         outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
 84         return verifyCode;
 85     }
 86      
 87     /**
 88      * 生成指定验证码图像文件
 89      * @param w
 90      * @param h
 91      * @param outputFile
 92      * @param code
 93      * @throws IOException
 94      */
 95     public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException{
 96         if(outputFile == null){
 97             return;
 98         }
 99         File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();//文件目录
100         if(!dir.exists()){
101             dir.mkdirs();
102         }
103         try{
104             outputFile.createNewFile();//创建文件
105             FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
106             outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
107             fos.close();
108         } catch(IOException e){
109             throw e;
110         }
111     }
112      
113     /**
114      * 输出指定验证码图片流
115      * @param w  宽
116      * @param h   高
117      * @param os   输出流方式
118      * @param code   验证码
119      * @throws IOException
120      */
121     public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException{
122         int verifySize = code.length();
123         //类型为预定义图像类型之一的 BufferedImage。
124         BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
125         Random rand = new Random();
126         Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
127         g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING,RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
128         Color[] colors = new Color[5];
129         Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[] { Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
130                 Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
131                 Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW };
132         float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
133         for(int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++){
134             colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
135             fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
136         }
137         Arrays.sort(fractions);
138          
139         g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
140         g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);
141          
142         Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
143         g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
144         g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h-4);
145          
146         //绘制干扰线
147         Random random = new Random();
148         g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
149         for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
150             int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
151             int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
152             int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
153             int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
154             g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
155         }
156          
157         // 添加噪点
158         float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
159         int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
160         for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
161             int x = random.nextInt(w);
162             int y = random.nextInt(h);
163             int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
164             image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
165         }
166          
167         shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲
168  
169         g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
170         int fontSize = h-4;
171         Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
172         g2.setFont(font);
173         char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
174         for(int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++){
175             AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
176             affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize/2, h/2);
177             g2.setTransform(affine);
178             g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w-10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h/2 + fontSize/2 - 10);
179         }
180          
181         g2.dispose();
182         ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
183     }
184      
185     private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
186         if (fc > 255)
187             fc = 255;
188         if (bc > 255)
189             bc = 255;
190         int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
191         int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
192         int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
193         return new Color(r, g, b);
194     }
195      
196     private static int getRandomIntColor() {
197         int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
198         int color = 0;
199         for (int c : rgb) {
200             color = color << 8;
201             color = color | c;
202         }
203         return color;
204     }
205      
206     private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
207         int[] rgb = new int[3];
208         for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
209             rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
210         }
211         return rgb;
212     }
213  
214     private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
215         shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
216         shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
217     }
218      
219     private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
220  
221         int period = random.nextInt(2);
222  
223         boolean borderGap = true;
224         int frames = 1;
225         int phase = random.nextInt(2);
226  
227         for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
228             double d = (double) (period >> 1)
229                     * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
230                             + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
231                             / (double) frames);
232             g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
233             if (borderGap) {
234                 g.setColor(color);
235                 g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
236                 g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
237             }
238         }
239  
240     }
241  
242     private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
243  
244         int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;
245  
246         boolean borderGap = true;
247         int frames = 20;
248         int phase = 7;
249         for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
250             double d = (double) (period >> 1)
251                     * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
252                             + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
253                             / (double) frames);
254             g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
255             if (borderGap) {
256                 g.setColor(color);
257                 g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
258                 g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
259             }
260  
261         }
262  
263     }
264     public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
265         File dir = new File("e:/verifies");// 生成的验证码存放目录
266         int w = 200, h = 80;
267 
268             String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(4);
269             File file = new File(dir, verifyCode + ".jpg");
270             outputImage(w, h, file, verifyCode);
271 
272         /*String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(4);
273         System.out.println(verifyCode);*/
274         
275     }
276 }

二、建立一个CodeEnt实体类

 1 package com.dkt.entity;
 2 
 3 public class CodeEnt {
 4     private String code;//验证码
 5     private long nowtime;//失效的毫秒时间
 6     public String getCode() {
 7         return code;
 8     }
 9     public void setCode(String code) {
10         this.code = code;
11     }
12     public long getNowtime() {
13         return nowtime;
14     }
15     public void setNowtime(long nowtime) {
16         this.nowtime = nowtime;
17     }
18     public CodeEnt(String code, long nowtime) {
19         super();
20         this.code = code;
21         this.nowtime = nowtime;
22     }
23     public CodeEnt() {
24         super();
25     }
26     
27 }

三、建立servlet类,作为服务器,调用上面的类生成验证码,并把验证码发送到页面,且验证验证码输入是否正确

我在这里为了方便理解,建立了两个servlet类,

一个类是  AuthImage 就是用来调用工具类 VerifyCodeUtils  ,生成验证码并发送到页面上

 1 package com.dkt.servlet;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 
 5 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 6 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
10 
11 import com.dkt.entity.CodeEnt;
12 import com.dkt.util.VerifyCodeUtils;
13 
14 public class AuthImage extends HttpServlet  { 
15     static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; 
16     public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { 
17         response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache"); //不缓存
18         response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache"); 
19         response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0); 
20         response.setContentType("image/jpeg"); //输出的图片
21            
22         //生成随机字串 
23         String verifyCode = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4); 
24         //存入会话session 
25         HttpSession session = request.getSession(); 
26         //保存
27         long nowtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
28         CodeEnt codeEnt = new CodeEnt(verifyCode, nowtime);
29         session.setAttribute("codeent", codeEnt);
30         //生成图片  并发送到页面中
31         int w = 100, h = 30; 
32         VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(w, h, response.getOutputStream(), verifyCode); 
33    
34     } 
35 }

另一个类是 CodeServlet 主要是判断用户输入的验证码是否正确,并给出提示

 1 package com.dkt.servlet;
 2 
 3 import java.io.IOException;
 4 import java.util.Calendar;
 5 
 6 import javax.servlet.ServletException;
 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
10 import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
11 
12 import com.dkt.entity.CodeEnt;
13 
14 public class CodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
15 
16     public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
17             throws ServletException, IOException {
18         doPost(request, response);
19     }
20     public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
21             throws ServletException, IOException {
22       
23         response.setContentType("text/html");
24         request.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
25         response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
26         //存入会话session 
27         HttpSession session = request.getSession(); 
28         String op = request.getParameter("op");
29         if (("reg").equals(op)) {
30             // 判断用户输入的验证是否正确且没有超时
31             String code = request.getParameter("code");
32             System.out.println("code--------->"+code);
33             if (code!=null&&!("").equals(code)) {
34                 code = code.toUpperCase();//全部转成大写字母
35             }
36             CodeEnt codeEnt = (CodeEnt)session.getAttribute("codeent");
37             long nowT = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
38             //System.out.println(System.currentTimeMillis());
39             //System.out.println(nowT);
40             long diffT = nowT-codeEnt.getNowtime();
41             System.out.println("时间差:"+diffT);
42             if (diffT<30000) {
43                 if (code.equals(codeEnt.getCode())) {
44                     System.out.println("验证成功");
45                     request.getRequestDispatcher("success.jsp").forward(request, response);
46                 }else {
47                     request.setAttribute("error", "验证码输入错误,请重新输入");
48                     request.getRequestDispatcher("verify.jsp").forward(request, response);
49                 }
50             }else {
51                 //验证不成功重新刷新验证码
52                 request.setAttribute("error", "验证码失效,请重新刷新");
53                 request.getRequestDispatcher("verify.jsp").forward(request, response);
54             }
55         }else {
56             System.out.println("else");
57         }
58     
59     }
60 }

四,xml中的配置信息

 1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 2 <web-app version="2.5" 
 3     xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
 4     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
 5     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
 6     http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
 7   <servlet>
 8     <description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
 9     <display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
10     <servlet-name>AuthImage</servlet-name>
11     <servlet-class>com.dkt.servlet.AuthImage</servlet-class>
12   </servlet>
25   <servlet>
26     <description>This is the description of my J2EE component</description>
27     <display-name>This is the display name of my J2EE component</display-name>
28     <servlet-name>CodeServlet</servlet-name>
29     <servlet-class>com.dkt.servlet.CodeServlet</servlet-class>
30   </servlet>
41 
42   <servlet-mapping>
43     <servlet-name>AuthImage</servlet-name>
44     <url-pattern>/AuthImage</url-pattern>
45   </servlet-mapping>
54   <servlet-mapping>
55     <servlet-name>CodeServlet</servlet-name>
56     <url-pattern>/CodeServlet</url-pattern>
57   </servlet-mapping>
62   <welcome-file-list>
63     <welcome-file>verify.jsp</welcome-file>
64   </welcome-file-list>
65 </web-app>

五、写页面 jsp ,添加事件

 1 <%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
 2 <%
 3 String path = request.getContextPath();
 4 String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
 5 %>
 6 
 7 <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
 8 <html>
 9   <head>
10     <base href="<%=basePath%>">
11     
12     <title>My JSP 'verify.jsp' starting page</title>
13     
14     <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
15     <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
16     <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">    
17     <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
18     <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
19     <!--
20     <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
21     -->
22 
23 <script type="text/javascript">
24         function change(img){
25             img.src = img.src+"?"+new Date();
26         }
27 
28 </script>
29   </head>
30   
31   <body>
32     <form action="CodeServlet?op=reg" method="post">
33     <span style="font-size: 12px;color: red;">${error}</span><br/>
34         用户名:<input type="text" name="name" value=""><br/><br/>
35         验证码:<input type="text" name="code" value=""/>
36         <img src="AuthImage" alt="验证码"  onclick="change(this)"/>
37         <input type="submit" value="提交">
38     </form>
39   </body>
40 </html>

五、执行结果

启动服务器,在浏览器地址栏中访问,

java 用Graphics制作模糊验证码

当输入错误时,会显示:

java 用Graphics制作模糊验证码

当输入时验证码失效时,会提示:

java 用Graphics制作模糊验证码

输入成功时会跳到  success.jsp  页面,这个页面就请大家自己随便写洛。