C语言实现学生信息管理系统（单链表）

本文实例为大家分享了C语言实现学生信息管理系统的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

/*copyright(c)2016.烟台大学计算机学院
 * All rights reserved,
 * 文件名称：text.Cpp
 * 作者：吴敬超
 * 完成日期：2016年7月1日
 * 版本号：codeblock
 *
 * 问题描述: 学生信息管理系统
 * 输入描述:
 * 程序输出： 输出结果
 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <time.h>
# define LEN sizeof(struct Student)
struct Student {
char num[100];   //学号
char name[200];  //姓名
char sex[100];  //性别
int age;   //年龄
char phone[120];  //电话
char address[120]; //地址
char birthday[200]; //生日
char mail[200] ; //邮件
struct Student *next;
};
void menu();
void start();
void welcome();
char filename[30];//全局变量，用来保存要打开的文件名字
struct Student *Creat(int n);
//生成链表
struct Student *Creat(int n)
{
 void menu_print_in(void);
 struct Student *head;
 struct Student *p1, *p2;

 system("cls");
 for(int i=1;i<n+1;i++) {
 p1 = (struct Student*)malloc(LEN);
 menu_print_in();
 scanf("%s%s%s%d%s%s%s%s",p1->num,p1->name,p1->sex,
 &p1->age,p1->phone,p1->address,p1->birthday,p1->mail);
 p1->next = NULL;
 if(i==1)
 {
  head = p2 = p1;
 }
 else {
  p2->next = p1;
  p2 = p1;
 }
 }
 return(head);
}

//数据存盘(wb只写)
void WriteData_wb(struct Student *head) {
 FILE *fp;
 struct Student *p;
 if((fp = fopen(filename, "wb"))==NULL)
 printf("\a 文件打开错误");
 p = head;
 while(p!=NULL) {
 if(fwrite(p,LEN,1,fp)!=1) {
  printf("写入数据出错\n");
  fclose(fp);
  return;
 }
 p=p->next;
 }
 fclose(fp);
}

//数据存盘(ab追加)
void WriteData_ab(struct Student *head)
{
 FILE *fp;
 struct Student *p;
 if((fp = fopen(filename, "ab"))==NULL)
 printf("\a 文件打开错误!");
 p = head;
 while(p!=NULL) {
 if(fwrite(p,LEN,1,fp)!=1) {
  printf("写入数据出错\n");
  fclose(fp);
  return;
 }
 p=p->next;
 }
 fclose(fp);
}


//读取数据文件保存到链表中 ，返回指向此链表头指针
struct Student *ReadData(void)
{
 struct Student *head = NULL;
 struct Student *p1, *p2;//s = p1;p = p2;

 FILE *fp;
 if((fp=fopen(filename,"rb+"))==NULL)
 {
 printf("打开文件出错\n");
 exit(0);
 }
 while(!feof(fp)) {
 if((p1=(struct Student*)malloc(LEN))==NULL){
  printf("内存申请出错\n");
  fclose(fp);
  exit(0);
 }
 if(fread(p1,LEN,1,fp)!=1){
  free(p1);
  break;
 }
 if(head==NULL)
 head=p2=p1;
 else{
  p2->next=p1;
  p2=p1;
 }
 }
 fclose(fp);
 return (head);
}

//全部查询
void display()
{
 system("cls");
 void menu_print_out(void);
 struct Student *p;
 p = ReadData();
 menu_print_out();
 do
 {
 printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %4s %4s",p->num,p->name,p->sex,
 p->age,p->phone,p->address,p->birthday,p->mail);
 p = p->next;
 printf("\n\n");
 }while(p!=NULL);
 printf("\n\n");
}

//学号查询
int query_num()
{
 system("cls");
 void menu_print_out();
 struct Student *p;
 char str_num[10];
 printf("请输入您要查询的学号:");
 scanf("%s", str_num);
 p = ReadData();
 menu_print_out();
 do {
 if(strcmp(p->num,str_num)==0) {
  printf("%-10s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %4s %4s",p->num,p->name,p->sex,
 p->age,p->phone,p->address,p->birthday,p->mail);
  printf("\n\n");
  return 0;
 }
 p = p->next;
 }while(p!=NULL);
 printf("数据库中没有存储您要查询的数据！\n");
 printf("\n\n");
 return 0;
}

//姓名查询
int query_name()
{
 system("cls");
 void menu_print_out(void);
 struct Student *p;
 char str_name[20];
 printf("请输入您要查询的姓名:");
 scanf("%s", str_name);
 p = ReadData();
 menu_print_out();
 do {
 if(strcmp(p->name,str_name)==0)
 {
  printf("%-8s%6s%8s%4d%13s%11s %4s %4s",p->num,p->name,p->sex,
 p->age,p->phone,p->address,p->birthday,p->mail);
  printf("\n\n");
  return 0;
 }
 p = p->next;
 }while(p!=NULL);
 printf("数据库中没有存储您要查询的数据！\n");
 printf("\n\n");
 return 0;
}

//【1】修改数据之删除记录
int delStudent()
{
 struct Student *p1, *p2, *head;
 char str_num[20];
 printf("\n请输入您要删除的学号信息:");
 scanf("%s", str_num);
 p1 = ReadData();
 p2 = p1->next;
 head = p1;
 while(p2!=NULL)
 {
 if(strcmp(p1->num,str_num)==0) {
  WriteData_wb(p2);
 }
 else if(strcmp(p2->num,str_num)==0) {
  p1->next = p2->next;
  WriteData_wb(head);
 }
 p2 = p2->next;
 p1 = p1->next;
 }
 if(p2!=NULL)
 printf("数据库中没有存储您要删除的数据！\n");
 printf("\n\n");
 return 0;
}

//【2】修改数据之修改记录
int change1()
{
 void menu_print_in(void);
 struct Student *p1, *p2, *head;
 char str_num[20];
 printf("请输入您要修改的学号信息:");
 scanf("%s", str_num);
 p1 = ReadData();
 p2 = p1->next;
 head = p1;
 while(p2!=NULL)
 {
 if(strcmp(p1->num,str_num)==0) {
  menu_print_in();
  scanf("%s%s%s%d%s%s%s%s",p1->num,p1->name,p1->sex,
 &p1->age,p1->phone,p1->address,p1->birthday,p1->mail);
  WriteData_wb(head);
 }
 else if(strcmp(p2->num,str_num)==0)
 {
  menu_print_in();
  scanf("%s%s%s%d%s%s%s%s",p2->num,p2->name,p2->sex,
 &p2->age,p2->phone,p2->address,p2->birthday,p2->mail);
  WriteData_wb(head);
 }
 p2 = p2->next;
 p1 = p1->next;
 }
 if(p2!=NULL)
 printf("数据库中没有存储您要删除的数据！\n");
 return 0;
}
void start() //欢迎界面
{
 system("color 1E");
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙\n");
 printf("\t\t\t⊙    ⊙\n");
 printf("\t\t\t⊙ 欢迎使用学生信息管理系统 ⊙\n");
 printf("\t\t\t⊙    ⊙\n");
 printf("\t\t\t⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙⊙\n");
 printf("\n\t\t\t\t系统开始启动.........\n");
 printf("===============================================================================\r");
 for(int i=1;i<80;i++)
 {
  Sleep(40);
  printf(">");
 }
 system("CLS");
 welcome();
}
void welcome()//登录界面
{
 system("CLS");
 system("color 2");
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★\n");
 printf("\t\t\t★    ★\n");
 printf("\t\t\t★ 欢迎使用学生信息管理系统 ★\n");
 printf("\t\t\t★    ★\n");
 printf("\t\t\t★ 设计者：吴敬超 ★\n");
 printf("\t\t\t★    ★\n");
 printf("\t\t\t★ 日期：2016.7.1 ★\n");
 printf("\t\t\t★    ★\n");
 printf("\t\t\t★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★★\n");

 printf("\n\t\t\t按任意键继续...");
 getchar();
 system("CLS");
 menu();
}
//主菜单
void menu()
{
 void addStudent();
 void query();
 int File_name();
 void change();
 system("CLS");
 system("color D");
 printf("\t\t\t★★★★★★主菜单※※※※※\n");
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※   ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 1.录入学生信息 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 2.查询学生信息 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 3.修改学生信息 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 4. 退出系统 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n");
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:");

 int a = 0;
 a = getchar();

 while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3'&&a!='4') {
 printf("错误，请输入正确的号码!\n");
 putchar('\a');
 getchar();
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:");
 a = getchar();
 }
 switch(a) {
 case '1': File_name();addStudent();
 break;
 case '2': File_name();query();
 break;
 case '3': File_name();change();
 break;
 case '4': exit(0);
 break;
 }
 getchar();
}

int File_name()
{
 printf("\n\t\t请输入您要打开的文件:");
 if(scanf("%s", filename)!=1)
 printf("\a error!");
 return 0;
}
//二级菜单之添加数据
void addStudent()
{
 int Creat_num();
 system("cls");
 getchar();
 system("CLS");
 system("color B");
 printf("\t\t\t★★★★★★添加数据※※※※※\n");
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※   ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 1. 新建文件 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※----------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 2. 增添数据 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※----------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 3. 返回菜单 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※----------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n");
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:");

 int a = 0;
 a = getchar();

 while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3')
 {
 printf("错误，请输入正确的号码!\n");
 putchar('\a');
 getchar();
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:");
 a = getchar();
 }
 switch(a) {
 case '1': WriteData_wb(Creat(Creat_num()));
  printf("\n新建文件成功且数据已成功保存\n");
  system("pause");
  system("cls");
  addStudent();
 break;
 case '2': WriteData_ab(Creat(Creat_num()));
  printf("\n数据已成功添加\n");
  system("pause");
  system("cls");
  addStudent();
 break;
 case '3': system("cls");
  getchar();
  menu();
 break;
 }
}

//二级菜单之查询数据
void query()
{
 system("cls");
 getchar();
 while(1)
 {
 system("CLS");
 system("color C");
 printf("\t\t\t★★★★★查询数据※※※※※\n");
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※   ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 1.全部查询 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 2.学号查询 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 3.姓名查询 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 4.返回菜单 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n");
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:");
 int a = 0;
 a = getchar();

 while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3'&&a!='4')
 {
  printf("错误，请输入正确的号码!\n");
  putchar('\a');
  getchar();
  printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:");
  a = getchar();
 }
 switch(a) {
  case '1': display();system("pause");getchar();
  break;
  case '2': query_num();system("pause");getchar();
  break;
  case '3': query_name();system("pause");getchar();
  break;
  case '4': system("cls");getchar();menu();
  break;
 }
 }
}
int Creat_num() {
 printf("\n\t\t请输入您要添加的数据个数:");
 int n;
 if(scanf("%d", &n)!=1) {
 printf("\a error!");
 }
 return n;
}
//二级菜单之修改数据/
void change()
{
 system("cls");
 getchar();
 while(1)
 {
 system("CLS");
 system("color A");
 printf("\t\t\t★★★★★★修改数据※※※※※\n");
 printf("\n\n\n\n\n\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※   ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 1.删除记录 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 2.修改记录 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※ 3.返回菜单 ※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※------------------------※\n");
 printf("\t\t\t※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n");
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:");

 int a = 0;
 a = getchar();

 while(a!='1'&&a!='2'&&a!='3')
 {
 printf("错误，请输入正确的号码!\n");
 putchar('\a');
 getchar();
 printf("\n\t\t请输入功能前的序号选择服务项目:");
 a = getchar();
 }
 switch(a) {
  case '1': delStudent();
  printf("\n\n已成功删除指定数据\n");
  system("pause");
  getchar();
  break;
  case '2': change1();
   printf("\n\n已成功修改指定数据\n");
  system("pause");
   getchar();
  break;
  case '3': system("cls");
  getchar();
  menu();
  break;
 }
 }
}

//输入输出提示栏
void menu_print_in() {
 printf("------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 printf("学号 姓名 性别 年龄 电话  地址 生日 邮件 \n");
 printf("------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}
void menu_print_out(void) {
 printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
 printf("学号 姓名 性别 年龄 电话  地址 生日 邮件 \n");
 printf("--------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
}

//主函数
int main()
{
 start();
 return 0;
}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。

原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/jnwujingchao/article/details/51801500