用一幅图来概括:
1.生成器
定义生成器
方式一:
1
2
3
|
/ / 区别于列表生成式 gen = [x * x for x in range ( 5 )]
gen = (x * x for x in range ( 5 ))
print (gen) / / Out:<generator object <genexpr> at 0x00000258DC5CD8E0 >
|
方式二:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
def fib():
prev, curr = 0 , 1
while True :
yield curr
prev, curr = curr, curr + prev
f = fib()
print (f) / / Out:<generator object fib at 0x00000258DC5CD150 >
|
定义成功后,我们可以利用next()访问生成器下一个元素
1
2
3
4
5
|
print ( next (gen)) / / 0
print ( next (gen)) / / 1
...
print ( next (gen)) / / 16
print ( next (gen)) / / StopIteration
|
但一般用for循环遍历
1
2
|
for n in gen:
print (n) / / 0 1 4 9 16
|
2.迭代器
任何实现了__iter__和__next__()方法的对象都是迭代器。__iter__返回迭代器自身,__next__返回容器中的下一个值。所以生成器是特殊的迭代器,她内部具有这两种方法。
一个自定义的迭代器如下:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
|
class Fib:
def __init__( self ):
self .prev = 0
self .curr = 1
def __iter__( self ):
return self
def __next__( self ):
value = self .curr
self .curr + = self .prev
self .prev = value
return value
f = Fib()
count = 1
for n in f:
print (n)
count = count + 1
if count> = 10 :
break
/ / Out: 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34
|
3.可迭代对象
像list,tuple,set,dict,str等可以直接作用于for循环的对象,称为可迭代对象。可迭代对象实现了__iter__方法,用于返回迭代器。
1
2
3
4
|
demo = [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]
print ( isinstance (demo, Iterable)) / / True
iter_object = iter (demo)
print (iter_object) / / <list_iterator object at 0x00000258DC5EF748 >
|
原文链接:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000013121618