一、开发环境
1、python3.6
2、django2.0
3、window10
二、项目搭建
1、创建一个虚拟空间mkvirtualenv 空间名
2、创建一个django项目
3、安装graphql的依赖包
pip install graphene-django
4、创建一个组件blog
5、把组件blog及graphene_django注入到app中
6、在settings.py中配置mysql数据库连接
三、书写blog的内容
1、在models.py中写上数据模型
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length = 100 , verbose_name = "博主名字" )
gender = models.CharField(max_length = 6 , choices = (( 'male' , u '男' ), ( 'female' , '女' )), default = 'female' ,
verbose_name = '性别' )
create_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add = True , verbose_name = '创建时间' )
class Blog(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length = 100 , verbose_name = '标题' )
user = models.ForeignKey(User, null = True , blank = True , on_delete = models.SET_NULL, verbose_name = '博主名字' )
content = models.TextField(verbose_name = '博客内容' )
create_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add = True , verbose_name = '创建时间' )
update_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now = True , verbose_name = '更新时间' )
|
2、新建一个schema.py文件
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
|
#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
import graphene
from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType
from .models import User, Blog
class UserType(DjangoObjectType):
class Meta:
model = User
class BlogType(DjangoObjectType):
class Meta:
model = Blog
# 定义动作约素输入类型
class UserInput(graphene.InputObjectType):
name = graphene.String(required = True )
gender = graphene.String(required = True )
class BlogInput(graphene.InputObjectType):
title = graphene.String(required = True )
user = graphene. Int (required = True )
content = graphene.String(required = True )
# 定义一个创建user的mutation
class CreateUser(graphene.Mutation):
# api的输入参数
class Arguments:
user_data = UserInput(required = True )
# api的响应参数
ok = graphene.Boolean()
user = graphene.Field(UserType)
# api的相应操作,这里是create
def mutate( self , info, user_data):
user = User.objects.create(name = user_data[ 'name' ], gender = user_data[ 'gender' ])
ok = True
return CreateUser(user = user, ok = ok)
# 定义一个创建博客的mutation
class CreateBlog(graphene.Mutation):
class Arguments:
blog_data = BlogInput(required = True )
blog = graphene.Field(BlogType)
def mutate( self , info, blog_data):
# 插入到数据库中
blog = Blog.objects.create(title = blog_data[ 'title' ], user_id = blog_data[ 'user' ], content = blog_data[ 'content' ])
return CreateBlog(blog = blog)
# 定义一个查询语句
class Query( object ):
all_user = graphene. List (UserType)
all_blog = graphene. List (BlogType)
def resolve_all_user( self , info, * * kwargs):
# 查询所有book的逻辑
return User.objects. all ()
def resolve_all_blog( self , info, * * kwargs):
# 查询所有title的逻辑
return Blog.objects. all ()
|
3、在跟目录(和settings.py同级)创建一个项目的总schema.py
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
|
import graphene
import book.schema, blog.schema
class Query(blog.schema.Query, graphene.ObjectType):
# 总的Schema的query入口
pass
class Mutations(graphene.ObjectType):
# 总的Schema的mutations入口
create_user = blog.schema.CreateUser.Field()
create_blog = blog.schema.CreateBlog.Field()
schema = graphene.Schema(query = Query, mutation = Mutations)
|
4、配置url地址
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
from graphene_django.views import GraphQLView
from .schema import schema
urlpatterns = [
path( 'admin/' , admin.site.urls),
path( 'graphql/' , GraphQLView.as_view(graphiql = True , schema = schema)),
]
|
5、生成数据库映射及启动项目,直接在浏览器*问
四、可以对上面的代码调整
1、把Mutations也单独定义在各自的schema.py中
1
2
3
4
|
# 定义一个总的mutation出口
class Mutation(graphene.AbstractType):
create_user = CreateUser.Field()
create_blog = CreateBlog.Field()
|
2、在总的schema.py中引入类型Query一样的操作
1
2
3
|
class Mutations(blog.schema.Mutation, graphene.ObjectType):
# 总的Schema的mutations入口
pass
|
3、输入数据类型可以直接定义在mutation里面
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
|
class CreateUser(graphene.Mutation):
# api的输入参数(类名可以随便定义)
class Arguments:
name = graphene.String(required = True )
gender = graphene.String(required = True )
# api的响应参数
ok = graphene.Boolean()
user = graphene.Field(UserType)
# api的相应操作,这里是create
def mutate( self , info, name, gender):
user = User.objects.create(name = name, gender = gender)
ok = True
return CreateUser(user = user, ok = ok)
|
五、Query语句中使用条件查询
1、app的schema(官方案例)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
|
import graphene
from graphene_django.types import DjangoObjectType
from .models import Category, Ingredient
class CategoryType(DjangoObjectType):
class Meta:
model = Category
class IngredientType(DjangoObjectType):
class Meta:
model = Ingredient
# 定义一个查询
class Query( object ):
# 定义一个根据id或者name查询的
category = graphene.Field(CategoryType,
id = graphene. Int (),
name = graphene.String())
# 查询全部的
all_categories = graphene. List (CategoryType)
# 根据条件查询
ingredient = graphene.Field(IngredientType,
id = graphene. Int (),
name = graphene.String())
# 查询全部的
all_ingredients = graphene. List (IngredientType)
def resolve_all_categories( self , info, * * kwargs):
return Category.objects. all ()
def resolve_all_ingredients( self , info, * * kwargs):
# We can easily optimize query count in the resolve method
return Ingredient.objects.select_related( 'category' ). all ()
# 定义查询语句
def resolve_category( self , info, * * kwargs):
id = kwargs.get( 'id' )
name = kwargs.get( 'name' )
if id is not None :
return Category.objects.get(pk = id )
if name is not None :
return Category.objects.get(name = name)
return None
def resolve_ingredient( self , info, * * kwargs):
id = kwargs.get( 'id' )
name = kwargs.get( 'name' )
if id is not None :
return Ingredient.objects.get(pk = id )
if name is not None :
return Ingredient.objects.get(name = name)
return None
|
补充知识:记录下python中使用定时器的几种方法
方式一、直接使用while循环的方式
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
from datetime import datetime
import time
# 每n秒执行一次
def timer(n):
while True :
print (datetime.now().strftime( "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ))
time.sleep(n)
timer( 5 )
|
方式二、使用threading模块中的Timer
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
|
from datetime import datetime
from threading import Timer
# 打印时间函数
def print_time(inc):
print (datetime.now().strftime( "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ))
"""
Timer的参数说明
inc:表示时间间隔
print_time:执行的函数
(inc,):传递给执行函数的参数
"""
t = Timer(inc, print_time, (inc,))
t.start()
print_time( 2 )
|
方式三、使用sched模块
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
|
import time
import sched
from datetime import datetime
# 初始化 sched 模块的 scheduler 类
# 第一个参数是一个可以返回时间戳的函数,第二个参数可以在定时未到达之前阻塞。
schedule = sched.scheduler(time.time, time.sleep)
# 被周期性调度触发的函数
def print_time(inc):
print (datetime.now().strftime( "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ))
schedule.enter(inc, 0 , print_time, (inc,))
# 默认参数 60 s
def start(inc = 60 ):
# enter四个参数分别为:间隔事件、优先级(用于同时间到达的两个事件同时执行时定序)、被调用触发的函数、给触发函数的参数(tuple形式)
schedule.enter( 0 , 0 , print_time, (inc,))
schedule.run()
if __name__ = = "__main__" :
start( 10 )
|
方式四、使用apscheduler
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
from datetime import datetime
def job():
print (datetime.now().strftime( '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' ))
if __name__ = = "__main__" :
scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
scheduler.add_job(job, 'interval' , seconds = 5 )
scheduler.start()
|
以上这篇django使用graphql的实例就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/kuangshp128/article/details/79370351