Map架构:
如上图:
(1)Map是映射接口,Map中存储的内容是键值对(key-value)
(2)AbstractMap是继承于Map的抽象类,实现了Map中的大部分API。
(3)SortedMap是继承于Map的接口,SortedMap中的内容是排序的键值对,排序的方法是通过比较器。
(4)NavigableMap继承于SortedMap,其中有一系列的导航方法,如“获取大于或等于某对象的键值对”等等
(5)TreeMap继承于AbstractMap和NavigableMap接口,因此TreeMap中的内容是有序的键值对。
(6)HashMap继承于AbstractMap,内容也是键值对,但不保证次序。
(7)WeakHashMap继承于AbstractMap,它和HashMap的键类型不同,WeakHashMap是弱键。
(8)HashTable继承于Directionary同时也实现了Map,因此是键值对的,但不保证次序,同时是线程安全的。
总结:
HashMap是基于”拉链法“实现的散列表,一般用于单线程,键值都可以为空,支持Iterator(迭代器)遍历
Hashtable是基于”拉链法“实现的散列表,是线程安全的,可以用于多线程程序中。支持Iterator(迭代器)遍历和Enumeration(枚举器)两种遍历方式。
WeakHashMap也是基于”拉链法“实现的散列表,同时是弱键
TreeMap 是有序的散列表,通过红黑树来实现的,键值都不能为空。
Java8的Map接口的源码:
public interface Map<K,V> { int size();//数目 boolean isEmpty();//判断是否为空 boolean containsKey(Object key);//判断是否含有某个key boolean containsValue(Object value);//判断是否含有某个值 V get(Object key);//通过key获得value V put(K key, V value);//插入键值对 V remove(Object key);//通过key删除 void putAll(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m);//将一个Map插入 void clear();//清空 Set<K> keySet();//返回key集合 Collection<V> values();//返回value Set<Map.Entry<K, V>> entrySet();//实体集合,Map的改变会影响到它 interface Entry<K,V> { K getKey();//获得key V getValue();//获得value V setValue(V value);//设置值 boolean equals(Object o);//判断对象是否相等 int hashCode();//返回hashCode //比较器,比较两个key public static <K extends Comparable<? super K>, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K,V>> comparingByKey() { return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable) (c1, c2) -> c1.getKey().compareTo(c2.getKey()); } //比较两个值 public static <K, V extends Comparable<? super V>> Comparator<Map.Entry<K,V>> comparingByValue() { return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable) (c1, c2) -> c1.getValue().compareTo(c2.getValue()); } //比较两个key public static <K, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> comparingByKey(Comparator<? super K> cmp) { Objects.requireNonNull(cmp); return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable) (c1, c2) -> cmp.compare(c1.getKey(), c2.getKey()); } //比较两个值 public static <K, V> Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> comparingByValue(Comparator<? super V> cmp) { Objects.requireNonNull(cmp); return (Comparator<Map.Entry<K, V>> & Serializable) (c1, c2) -> cmp.compare(c1.getValue(), c2.getValue()); } } //比较map是否相等 boolean equals(Object o); int hashCode();//hashCode default V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) { V v; return (((v = get(key)) != null) || containsKey(key)) ? v : defaultValue; } default void forEach(BiConsumer<? super K, ? super V> action) { Objects.requireNonNull(action); for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) { K k; V v; try { k = entry.getKey(); v = entry.getValue(); } catch(IllegalStateException ise) { // this usually means the entry is no longer in the map. throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise); } action.accept(k, v); } } default void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) { Objects.requireNonNull(function); for (Map.Entry<K, V> entry : entrySet()) { K k; V v; try { k = entry.getKey(); v = entry.getValue(); } catch(IllegalStateException ise) { // this usually means the entry is no longer in the map. throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise); } // ise thrown from function is not a cme. v = function.apply(k, v); try { entry.setValue(v); } catch(IllegalStateException ise) { // this usually means the entry is no longer in the map. throw new ConcurrentModificationException(ise); } } } default V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) { V v = get(key); if (v == null) { v = put(key, value); } return v; } //删除某个key和value对应的对象 default boolean remove(Object key, Object value) { Object curValue = get(key); if (!Objects.equals(curValue, value) || (curValue == null && !containsKey(key))) { return false; } remove(key); return true; } //将某个key和oldValue对应的值替换为newValue default boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) { Object curValue = get(key); if (!Objects.equals(curValue, oldValue) || (curValue == null && !containsKey(key))) { return false; } put(key, newValue); return true; } //替换key的值 default V replace(K key, V value) { V curValue; if (((curValue = get(key)) != null) || containsKey(key)) { curValue = put(key, value); } return curValue; } default V computeIfAbsent(K key, Function<? super K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) { Objects.requireNonNull(mappingFunction); V v; if ((v = get(key)) == null) { V newValue; if ((newValue = mappingFunction.apply(key)) != null) { put(key, newValue); return newValue; } } return v; } default V computeIfPresent(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) { Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction); V oldValue; if ((oldValue = get(key)) != null) { V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue); if (newValue != null) { put(key, newValue); return newValue; } else { remove(key); return null; } } else { return null; } } default V compute(K key, BiFunction<? super K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) { Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction); V oldValue = get(key); V newValue = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue); if (newValue == null) { // delete mapping if (oldValue != null || containsKey(key)) { // something to remove remove(key); return null; } else { // nothing to do. Leave things as they were. return null; } } else { // add or replace old mapping put(key, newValue); return newValue; } } default V merge(K key, V value, BiFunction<? super V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) { Objects.requireNonNull(remappingFunction); Objects.requireNonNull(value); V oldValue = get(key); V newValue = (oldValue == null) ? value : remappingFunction.apply(oldValue, value); if(newValue == null) { remove(key); } else { put(key, newValue); } return newValue; } }