[LeetCode] Longest Valid Parentheses 最长有效括号

Given a string containing just the characters '(' and ')', find the length of the longest valid (well-formed) parentheses substring.

For "(()", the longest valid parentheses substring is "()", which has length = 2.

Another example is ")()())", where the longest valid parentheses substring is "()()", which has length = 4.

这道求最长有效括号比之前那道 Valid Parentheses 验证括号难度要大一些，这里我们还是借助栈来求解，需要定义个start变量来记录合法括号串的起始位置，我们遍历字符串，如果遇到左括号，则将当前下标压入栈，如果遇到右括号，如果当前栈为空，则将下一个坐标位置记录到start，如果栈不为空，则将栈顶元素取出，此时若栈为空，则更新结果和i - start + 1中的较大值，否则更新结果和i - 栈顶元素中的较大值，代码如下：

class Solution {
public:
int longestValidParentheses(string s) {
int res = 0, start = 0;
        stack<int> m;
for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); ++i) {
if (s[i] == '(') m.push(i);
else if (s[i] == ')') {
if (m.empty()) start = i + 1;
else {
                    m.pop();
                    res = m.empty() ? max(res, i - start + 1) : max(res, i - m.top());
                }
            }
        }
return res;
    }
};