二分图的的最优匹配是在求二分图的完备匹配的基础之上求出的, 通过不断的扩展完备匹配,最终达到相等子图。而相等子图的完备匹配就是最优匹配。在此定义了可行顶标。
一个关于最优匹配讲的很好的博客地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/one--world--one--dream/archive/2011/08/14/2138385.html
hdu2255
最大权最优匹配模版:
顶标lx【i】表示与顶点i相连的所有边的最大值; 顶标ly【j】为零(为了保证lx【i】+ly【j】>=w【i】【j】)
当不存在完备匹配时,进行扩展时,顶标lx减去扩展量, 顶标ly加上扩展量
时间复杂度为0(n^4)
#include<stdio.h>时间复杂度为0(n^3)
#include<string.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 1000 + 10;
int Map[maxn][maxn], n;
int Ls[maxn], Lt[maxn], p[maxn];
bool vs[maxn], vt[maxn];
bool dfs(int u)
{
vs[u] = true;
for(int v = 1; v <= n; v++)
{
if(Ls[u]+Lt[v]==Map[u][v] && !vt[v])
{
vt[v] = true;
if(p[v]==-1 || dfs(p[v]))
{
p[v] = u;
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
void update()
{
int a = 1<<30;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
if(vs[i])
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
if(!vt[j])
a = min(a, Ls[i]+Lt[j]-Map[i][j]);
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if(vs[i])
Ls[i] -= a;
if(vt[i])
Lt[i] += a;
}
}
void KM()
{
memset(p, -1, sizeof(p));
memset(Lt, 0, sizeof(Lt));
memset(Ls, 0, sizeof(Ls));
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
Ls[i] = max(Ls[i], Map[i][j]);
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
while(1)
{
memset(vs, false, sizeof(vs));
memset(vt, false, sizeof(vt));
if(dfs(i))
break;
else
update();
}
}
int ans = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
ans += Map[p[i]][i];
printf("%d\n", ans);
}
int main()
{
while(~scanf("%d", &n))
{
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
scanf("%d", &Map[i][j]);
KM();
}
return 0;
}
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const int maxn = 300 + 10;
int sx[maxn], sy[maxn], vx[maxn], vy[maxn], match[maxn];
int money[maxn][maxn], slack[maxn];
int n;
void chushihua()
{
memset(sy, 0, sizeof(sy));
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
sx[i] = 1;
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
{
scanf("%d", &money[i][j]);
sx[i] = max(sx[i], money[i][j]);
}
}
}
bool dfs(int x)
{
vx[x] = true;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
int xx= sx[x] + sy[i] - money[x][i];
if(!vy[i] && !xx)
{
vy[i] = true;
if(match[i]==-1 || dfs(match[i]))
{
match[i] = x;
return true;
}
}
else if(slack[i] > xx)
slack[i] = xx;
}
return false;
}
void bestmatch()
{
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
while(1)
{
memset(vx, false, sizeof(vx));
memset(vy, false, sizeof(vy));
memset(slack, 0x3f, sizeof(slack));
if(dfs(i))
break;
int dd = inf;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
if(!vy[i] && dd>slack[i])
dd = slack[i];
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if(vx[i])
sx[i] -= dd;
if(vy[i])
sy[i] += dd;
}
}
}
}
int main()
{
while(~scanf("%d", &n))
{
memset(match, -1, sizeof(match));
chushihua();
bestmatch();
int sum = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
sum += money[match[i]][i];
printf("%d\n", sum);
}
return 0;
}
poj2195(此题可以用费用流做)
最小权最优匹配模版:求最小权最优匹配有两种方案:
(1)把所有的权值取反, 求最大权匹配,得到结果取反
(2)顶标lx【i】表示与顶点i相连的所有边的最小值; 顶标ly【j】为零(为了保证lx【i】+ly【j】<=w【i】【j】)
当不存在完备匹配时,进行扩展时,顶标lx加上扩展量, 顶标ly减去扩展量
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn = 105;
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
struct Info
{
int x, y;
};
char s[105];
int sm[maxn], sh[maxn];
int w[maxn][maxn], n;
int p[maxn];
int lx[maxn], ly[maxn];
bool vx[maxn], vy[maxn];
int slack[maxn];
Info kk[maxn], tt[maxn];
void inin(int N, int M)
{
int cntm, cnth;
cntm = cnth = 0;
memset(w, 0, sizeof(w));
for(int i = 1; i <= N; i++)
{
scanf("%s", s);
for(int j = 0; j < M; j++)
{
if(s[j] == 'm')
{
cntm++;
kk[cntm].x = i;
kk[cntm].y = j + 1;
}
else if(s[j] == 'H')
{
cnth++;
tt[cnth].x = i;
tt[cnth].y = j + 1;
}
}
}
n = cntm;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
lx[i] = inf;
ly[i] = 0;
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
{
int dd = abs(kk[i].x-tt[j].x) + abs(kk[i].y-tt[j].y);
w[i][j] = dd;
if(lx[i] > dd)
lx[i] = dd;
}
}
}
bool dfs(int i)
{
vx[i] = true;
for(int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
{
int xx = w[i][j] - lx[i] - ly[j];
if(!vy[j] && !xx)
{
vy[j] = true;
if(p[j]==-1 || dfs(p[j]))
{
p[j] = i;
return true;
}
}
else if(slack[j] > xx)
slack[j] = xx;
}
return 0;
}
void solve()
{
memset(p, -1, sizeof(p));
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
while(1)
{
memset(vx, false, sizeof(vx));
memset(vy, false, sizeof(vy));
memset(slack, 0x3f, sizeof(slack));
if(dfs(i))
break;
int dd = inf;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
if(!vy[i] && dd>slack[i])
dd = slack[i];
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
{
if(vx[i])
lx[i] += dd;
if(vy[i])
ly[i] -= dd;
}
}
int ans = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
ans += w[p[i]][i];
printf("%d\n", ans);
}
int main()
{
int N, M;
while(scanf("%d%d", &N, &M), N||M)
{
inin(N, M);
solve();
}
return 0;
}