1 背景
在Android中任何耗时的操作都不能放在UI主线程中,所以耗时的操作都需要使用异步实现。同样的,在ContentProvider中也可能存在耗时操作,这时也该使用异步操作,而3.0之后最推荐的异步操作就是Loader。它可以方便我们在Activity和Fragment中异步加载数据,而不是用线程或AsyncTask,他的优点如下:
- 提供异步加载数据机制;
- 对数据源变化进行监听,实时更新数据;
- 在Activity配置发生变化(如横竖屏切换)时不用重复加载数据;
- 适用于任何Activity和Fragment;
PS:由于在我们现在的多个项目中都大量的使用了Loader来处理数据加载(而且由于粗心跳过几个坑,譬如Loader ID重复导致数据逻辑异常、多线程中restartLoader导致Loader抛出异常(最后保证都在UI线程中执行即可)等),所以接下来我们进行下使用及源码浅析。
【工匠若水 http://blog.csdn.net/yanbober 转载请注明出处。点我开始Android技术交流】
PPPS:前方高能,文章巨长,请做好心理准备(您可以选择通过左上角目录点击索引到感兴趣的章节直接查看,或者,或者,或者直接高能往下看)。
2 基础使用实例
该基础实例讲解完全来自于官方文档,详细可以点击我查看英文原文。
既然接下来准备要说说他的使用强大之处了,那不妨我们先来一张图直观的感性认识下不用Loader(左)与用Loader(右)对我们开发者及代码复杂度和框架的影响吧,如下:
2-1 Loader API概述说明
如下是我们开发中常用的一些Loader相关接口:
Class/Interface | Description |
---|---|
LoaderManager | 一个与Activity、Fragment关联的抽象类,用于管理一个或多个Loader实例。每个Activity或Fragment只能有一个LoaderManager,而一个LoaderManager可以有多个Loader。 |
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks | 用于和LoaderManager交互的回调接口。譬如,可以使用onCreateLoader()创建一个新的Loader。 |
AsyncTaskLoader | 抽象的Loader,提供一个AsyncTask继承实现。 |
CursorLoader | AsyncTaskLoader的子类,用于向ContentResover请求返回一个Cursor。该类以标准游标查询实现了Loader协议,使用后台线程进行查询,使用这个Loader是从ContentProvider加载异步数据最好的方式。 |
2-2 在应用中使用Loader
在我们开发的一个App里,使用Loader时常规的步骤包含如下一些操作需求:
- 一个Activity或Fragment;
- 一个LoaderManager实例;
- 一个CursorLoader,从ContentProvider加载数据;
- 一个LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks实现,创建新Loader及管理已存在Loader;
- 一个组织Loader数据的Adapter,如SimpleCursorAdapter;
下面我们看下具体流程。
2-2-1 启动一个Loader(initLoader)
一个Activity或Fragment中LoaderManager管理一个或多个Loader实例,每个Activity或Fragment只有一个LoaderManager,我们可以在Activity的onCreate()或Fragment的onActivityCreated()里初始化一个Loader。例如:
// Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
// or start a new one.
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
可以看见上面的initLoader()方法有三个参数:
- 第一个参数代表当前Loader的ID;
- 第二个参数代表提供给Loader构造函数的参数,可选;
- 第三个参数代表LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks的回调实现;
上面initLoader()方法的调用确保了一个Loader被初始化和激活的状态,该方法的调运有如下两种结果:
- 如果代表该Loader的ID已经存在,则后面创建的Loader将直接复用已经存在的;
- 如果代表该Loader的ID不存在,initLoader()会触发LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks回调的onCreateLoader()方法创建一个Loader;
可以看见通过initLoader()方法可以将LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks实例与Loader进行关联,且当Loader的状态变化时就被回调。所以说,如果调用者正处于其开始状态并且被请求的Loader已经存在,且已产生了数据,那么系统会立即调用onLoadFinished()(在initLoader()调用期间),所以你必须考虑到这种情况的发生。
当然了,intiLoader()会返回一个创建的Loader,但是你不用获取它的引用,因为LoadeManager会自动管理该Loader的生命周期,你只用在它回调提供的生命周期方法中做自己数据逻辑的处理即可。
2-2-2 重启一个Loader(restartLoader)
通过上面initLoader()方法介绍我们可以知道initLoader调运后要么得到一个ID已存在的Loader,要么创建一个新的Loader;但是有时我们想丢弃旧数据然后重新开始创建一个新Loader,这可怎么办呢?别担心,要丢弃旧数据调用restartLoader()即可。例如,SearchView.OnQueryTextListener的实现重启了Loader,当用户查询发生变化时Loader需要重启,如下:
public boolean onQueryTextChanged(String newText) {
// Called when the action bar search text has changed. Update
// the search filter, and restart the loader to do a new query
// with this filter.
mCurFilter = !TextUtils.isEmpty(newText) ? newText : null;
getLoaderManager().restartLoader(0, null, this);
return true;
}
上面方法的参数啥的和再上面的init方法类似,就不再罗嗦了。
2-2-3 使用LoaderManager Callbacks
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks是LoaderManager的回调交互接口。LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks包含如下三个方法:
- onCreateLoader()
实例化并返回一个新创建给定ID的Loader对象; - onLoadFinished()
当创建好的Loader完成了数据的load之后回调此方法; - onLoaderReset()
当创建好的Loader被reset时调用此方法,这样保证它的数据无效;
2-2-3-1 onCreateLoader说明
当你尝试使用一个Loader(譬如通过initLoader()方法),它会检查给定Loader的ID是否存在,如果不存在就触发LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks里的onCreateLoader()方法创建一个新Loader。创建新Loader实例典型的做法就是通过CursorLoader类创建,不过你也可以自定义一个继承自Loader的子类来实现自己的Loader。
下面的例子中我们通过onCreateLoader()回调创建一个CursorLoader实例,使用CursorLoader的构造方法创建实例时需要一些参数去查询一个ContentProvider。具体参数如下:
- uri
准备获取内容的URI。 - projection
要返回的列key list,null表示返回所有列,但是返回所有列很多时候会降低性能; - selection
要返回的行过滤,也就是SQL中的WHERE语句,null代表返回uri指定的所有行; - selectionArgs
用来替换上面selection中包含的“?”; - sortOrder
结果的行排序,也就是SQL中的ORDER BY,传递null则无序;
// If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided.
String mCurFilter;
...
public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
// This is called when a new Loader needs to be created. This
// sample only has one Loader, so we don't care about the ID.
// First, pick the base URI to use depending on whether we are
// currently filtering.
Uri baseUri;
if (mCurFilter != null) {
baseUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(Contacts.CONTENT_FILTER_URI,
Uri.encode(mCurFilter));
} else {
baseUri = Contacts.CONTENT_URI;
}
// Now create and return a CursorLoader that will take care of
// creating a Cursor for the data being displayed.
String select = "((" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " NOTNULL) AND ("
+ Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER + "=1) AND ("
+ Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " != '' ))";
return new CursorLoader(getActivity(), baseUri,
CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION, select, null,
Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC");
}
2-2-3-2 onLoadFinished说明
当创建好的Loader完成数据加载时回调此方法,我们要确保该方法在Loader释放现有维持的数据之前被调用。在这里我们应该移除所有对旧数据的使用(因为旧数据不久就会被释放),但是不用释放旧数据,因为Loader会帮我们完成旧数据的释放。
Loader一旦知道App不再使用旧数据就会释放掉。例如,如果数据来自CursorLoader里的一个Cursor,我们不应该自己在代码中调用close()方法;如果一个Cursor正在被放置到一个CursorAdapter时我们应当使用swapCursor()进行新数据交换,这样正在被放置的旧的Cursor就不会被关掉,也就不会导致Adapter的加载异常。
// This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;
...
public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {
// Swap the new cursor in. (The framework will take care of closing the
// old cursor once we return.)
mAdapter.swapCursor(data);
}
2-2-3-3 onLoaderReset说明
当实例化好的Loader被重启时该方法被回调,这里会让Loader的数据置于无效状态。这个回调方法其实就是为了告诉我们啥时候数据要被释放掉,所以我们应该在这个时候移除对它的引用。如下移除实例:
// This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;
...
public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
// This is called when the last Cursor provided to onLoadFinished()
// above is about to be closed. We need to make sure we are no
// longer using it.
mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
}
2-2-4 Loader使用实例实战
下面这个实例是一个Fragment,模拟的是用ListView显示通讯录的实时匹配查询结果,使用CursorLoader管理通讯录Provider查询。如下源码,比较简单,注释也很丰富了,所以不过多解释:
public static class CursorLoaderListFragment extends ListFragment
implements OnQueryTextListener, LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Cursor> {
// This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
SimpleCursorAdapter mAdapter;
// If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided.
String mCurFilter;
@Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
// Give some text to display if there is no data. In a real
// application this would come from a resource.
setEmptyText("No phone numbers");
// We have a menu item to show in action bar.
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
// Create an empty adapter we will use to display the loaded data.
mAdapter = new SimpleCursorAdapter(getActivity(),
android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2, null,
new String[] { Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME, Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS },
new int[] { android.R.id.text1, android.R.id.text2 }, 0);
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
// Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
// or start a new one.
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
}
@Override public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
// Place an action bar item for searching.
MenuItem item = menu.add("Search");
item.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_search);
item.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_IF_ROOM);
SearchView sv = new SearchView(getActivity());
sv.setOnQueryTextListener(this);
item.setActionView(sv);
}
public boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) {
// Called when the action bar search text has changed. Update
// the search filter, and restart the loader to do a new query
// with this filter.
mCurFilter = !TextUtils.isEmpty(newText) ? newText : null;
getLoaderManager().restartLoader(0, null, this);
return true;
}
@Override public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
// Don't care about this.
return true;
}
@Override public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
// Insert desired behavior here.
Log.i("FragmentComplexList", "Item clicked: " + id);
}
// These are the Contacts rows that we will retrieve.
static final String[] CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION = new String[] {
Contacts._ID,
Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME,
Contacts.CONTACT_STATUS,
Contacts.CONTACT_PRESENCE,
Contacts.PHOTO_ID,
Contacts.LOOKUP_KEY,
};
public Loader<Cursor> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
// This is called when a new Loader needs to be created. This
// sample only has one Loader, so we don't care about the ID.
// First, pick the base URI to use depending on whether we are
// currently filtering.
Uri baseUri;
if (mCurFilter != null) {
baseUri = Uri.withAppendedPath(Contacts.CONTENT_FILTER_URI,
Uri.encode(mCurFilter));
} else {
baseUri = Contacts.CONTENT_URI;
}
// Now create and return a CursorLoader that will take care of
// creating a Cursor for the data being displayed.
String select = "((" + Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " NOTNULL) AND ("
+ Contacts.HAS_PHONE_NUMBER + "=1) AND ("
+ Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " != '' ))";
return new CursorLoader(getActivity(), baseUri,
CONTACTS_SUMMARY_PROJECTION, select, null,
Contacts.DISPLAY_NAME + " COLLATE LOCALIZED ASC");
}
public void onLoadFinished(Loader<Cursor> loader, Cursor data) {
// Swap the new cursor in. (The framework will take care of closing the
// old cursor once we return.)
mAdapter.swapCursor(data);
}
public void onLoaderReset(Loader<Cursor> loader) {
// This is called when the last Cursor provided to onLoadFinished()
// above is about to be closed. We need to make sure we are no
// longer using it.
mAdapter.swapCursor(null);
}
}
到此整个Loader基础使用就介绍完了,关于Loader的高级功能,譬如自定义Loader等内容这里先不贴代码说明,因为在这里一下子说完都会觉得蒙圈,而且接受难度也比较大,所以我们在上面这些基础铺垫之后乘热先来源码浅析,有了源码浅析把持住全局结构后再去用Loader的高级用法就会觉得得心应手许多。
【工匠若水 http://blog.csdn.net/yanbober 转载请注明出处。点我开始Android技术交流】
3 源码浅析
和上面的基本使用介绍一样,关于Loader的源码浅析过程会涉及到Activity、Fragment、LoaderManager、Loader、AsyncLoader、CursorLoader等类。所以我们分析的过程还是和以前一样,依据使用顺序进行分析。
我们在分析之前先来看一个Loader框架概要图,如下:
通过上面图和前面的基础实例你会发现Loader的框架和各个类的职责都很明确。Activity和Fragment管理LoaderManager,LoaderManager管理Loader,Loader得到数据后触发在LoaderManager中实现的Loader的callback接口,LoaderManager在接收到Loader的callback回传调运时触发我们Activity或Fragment中实现的LoaderManager回调callback接口,就这样就实现了Loader的所有功能,而我们平时写代码一般只用关心LoaderManager的callback实现即可;对于自定义Loader可能还需要关心AsyncTaskLoader子类的实现。
3-1 Activity及Fragment中LoadManager的管理浅析
首先我们都知道,在使用Loader的第一步就是在Activity或者Fragment中获取LoaderManager实例,所以我们先来看下Activity和Fragment是如何管理这些LoaderManager的。
先来看看Fragment中的LoaderManager,如下:
final class FragmentState implements Parcelable {
......
LoaderManagerImpl mLoaderManager;
boolean mLoadersStarted;
boolean mCheckedForLoaderManager;
......
//fragment中获取LoaderManager办法
public LoaderManager getLoaderManager() {
//可以看见,一个Fragment只有一个LoaderManager
if (mLoaderManager != null) {
return mLoaderManager;
}
if (mActivity == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment " + this + " not attached to Activity");
}
mCheckedForLoaderManager = true;
//从Activity中获取LoaderManager,传入的mWho为当前Fragment的识别key,然后create传入true表示创建!!!!!!
mLoaderManager = mActivity.getLoaderManager(mWho, mLoadersStarted, true);
return mLoaderManager;
}
public void onStart() {
mCalled = true;
if (!mLoadersStarted) {
mLoadersStarted = true;
if (!mCheckedForLoaderManager) {
mCheckedForLoaderManager = true;
//如果还没调运过getLoaderManager,那就尝试获取LoaderManager,传入的create为false!!!!!
mLoaderManager = mActivity.getLoaderManager(mWho, mLoadersStarted, false);
}
//生命周期依附上LoaderManager
if (mLoaderManager != null) {
mLoaderManager.doStart();
}
}
}
public void onDestroy() {
mCalled = true;
if (!mCheckedForLoaderManager) {
mCheckedForLoaderManager = true;
//如果还没调运过getLoaderManager,那就尝试获取LoaderManager,传入的create为false!!!!!
mLoaderManager = mActivity.getLoaderManager(mWho, mLoadersStarted, false);
}
//生命周期依附上LoaderManager
if (mLoaderManager != null) {
mLoaderManager.doDestroy();
}
}
void performStart() {
......
mCalled = false;
onStart();
......
//生命周期依附上LoaderManager
if (mLoaderManager != null) {
mLoaderManager.doReportStart();
}
}
void performStop() {
......
mCalled = false;
onStop();
......
if (mLoadersStarted) {
mLoadersStarted = false;
if (!mCheckedForLoaderManager) {
mCheckedForLoaderManager = true;
//如果还没调运过getLoaderManager,那就尝试获取LoaderManager,传入的create为false!!!!!
mLoaderManager = mActivity.getLoaderManager(mWho, mLoadersStarted, false);
}
if (mLoaderManager != null) {
//生命周期依附上LoaderManager
if (mActivity == null || !mActivity.mChangingConfigurations) {
mLoaderManager.doStop();
} else {
mLoaderManager.doRetain();
}
}
}
}
void performDestroyView() {
......
mCalled = false;
onDestroyView();
......
//生命周期依附上LoaderManager
if (mLoaderManager != null) {
mLoaderManager.doReportNextStart();
}
}
}
从上面可以看出,Fragment在其生命周期内会控制LoaderManager(LoaderManager其实控制了Loader)的doStart、doDestroy等方法,也就是说我们在Fragment中只管通过getLoaderManager方法来获取LoaderManager实例,然后使用就行,别的Fragment都会帮我们处理OK的。
接下来看看Activity中的LoaderManager,如下:
public class Activity extends ContextThemeWrapper
implements ... {
//mAllLoaderManagers保存了Activity与Fragment的所有LoaderManager
ArrayMap<String, LoaderManagerImpl> mAllLoaderManagers;
LoaderManagerImpl mLoaderManager;
......
//Activity中获取LoaderManager实例的方法
public LoaderManager getLoaderManager() {
//可以看见,一个Activity只有一个LoaderManager
if (mLoaderManager != null) {
return mLoaderManager;
}
mCheckedForLoaderManager = true;
//咦?这不就是上面Fragment的getLoaderManager中调运的那个activity中的getLoaderManager吗,只是和这里的参数不一样而已
mLoaderManager = getLoaderManager("(root)", mLoadersStarted, true);
return mLoaderManager;
}
//Activity与Fragment获取LoaderManager实例的真正方法!!
LoaderManagerImpl getLoaderManager(String who, boolean started, boolean create) {
//可见一个Activity维护一个mAllLoaderManagers的MAP
if (mAllLoaderManagers == null) {
mAllLoaderManagers = new ArrayMap<String, LoaderManagerImpl>();
}
//尝试从缓存mAllLoaderManagers的MAP中获取已经实例化的LoaderManager实例
LoaderManagerImpl lm = mAllLoaderManagers.get(who);
if (lm == null) {
if (create) {
//如果没有找到并且需要实例化create(切记这个create参数是很重要的),就调运LoaderManagerImpl构造方法实例化一个LoaderManager对象,然后存入缓存mAllLoaderManagers的MAP中
lm = new LoaderManagerImpl(who, this, started);
mAllLoaderManagers.put(who, lm);
}
} else {
lm.updateActivity(this);
}
return lm;
}
void invalidateFragment(String who) {
if (mAllLoaderManagers != null) {
LoaderManagerImpl lm = mAllLoaderManagers.get(who);
if (lm != null && !lm.mRetaining) {
//生命周期依附上LoaderManager
lm.doDestroy();
mAllLoaderManagers.remove(who);
}
}
}
final void performStop() {
if (mLoadersStarted) {
mLoadersStarted = false;
//生命周期依附上LoaderManager
if (mLoaderManager != null) {
//mChangingConfigurations表示如果当前发生了配置变化则为true,否则为false!!!!!!!重点,Loader特性之一
if (!mChangingConfigurations) {
//当前Activity的stop不是由配置变化引起则直接调用LoaderManager的doStop()方法!!!!!!
mLoaderManager.doStop();
} else {
//当前Activity配置变化,所以需要保存当前的loaderManager,在Activity恢复时恢复这个LoaderManager!!!!!!
mLoaderManager.doRetain();
}
}
}
......
}
final void performDestroy() {
......
onDestroy();
//生命周期依附上LoaderManager
if (mLoaderManager != null) {
mLoaderManager.doDestroy();
}
......
}
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
if (mLastNonConfigurationInstances != null) {
//从mLastNonConfigurationInstances中恢复mAllLoaderManagers(mLastNonConfigurationInstances是从onAttach中恢复的),Activity配置变化时会走这里!!!!
mAllLoaderManagers = mLastNonConfigurationInstances.loaders;
}
......
mCalled = true;
}
final void performStart() {
......
if (mAllLoaderManagers != null) {
final int N = mAllLoaderManagers.size();
LoaderManagerImpl loaders[] = new LoaderManagerImpl[N];
for (int i=N-1; i>=0; i--) {
loaders[i] = mAllLoaderManagers.valueAt(i);
}
//生命周期依附上LoaderManager
for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
LoaderManagerImpl lm = loaders[i];
//调用LoaderManager.finishRetain()以及doReportStart()方法来恢复LoaderManager的状态!!!!!
lm.finishRetain();
lm.doReportStart();
}
}
mActivityTransitionState.enterReady(this);
}
//该方法会被ActivityThread类调用,且调运时机早于performDestroy()方法!!!!!!
NonConfigurationInstances retainNonConfigurationInstances() {
......
NonConfigurationInstances nci = new NonConfigurationInstances();
......
//配置变化时保存mAllLoaderManagers!!!!!!
nci.loaders = mAllLoaderManagers;
return nci;
}
}
通过上面的分析可以发现,Activity其实真正的管理了Activity及Fragment的LoaderManager(Fragment也会管理一部分自己LoaderManager的周期),而LoaderManager又管理了Loader,可以发现他们各自的管理范围都是十分的清晰明了的。
3-2 LoadManager及其实现类LoadManagerImpl的浅析
上面分析Activity及Fragment中获取LoaderManager实例时已经知道,我们获取的LoaderManager实例其实就是LoaderManagerImpl对象,而LoaderManagerImpl又是LoaderManager类的子类,所以接下来我们来分析这两个父子类。
先看下抽象父类LoaderManager,如下:
public abstract class LoaderManager {
//LoaderManager的回调接口定义
public interface LoaderCallbacks<D> {
public Loader<D> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args);
public void onLoadFinished(Loader<D> loader, D data);
public void onLoaderReset(Loader<D> loader);
}
//下面这些方法没必要再细说了,上面介绍过的
public abstract <D> Loader<D> initLoader(int id, Bundle args,
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<D> callback);
public abstract <D> Loader<D> restartLoader(int id, Bundle args,
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<D> callback);
//会触发回调的onLoaderReset方法
public abstract void destroyLoader(int id);
public abstract <D> Loader<D> getLoader(int id);
public abstract void dump(String prefix, FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args);
public static void enableDebugLogging(boolean enabled) {
LoaderManagerImpl.DEBUG = enabled;
}
}
可以看见LoaderManager抽象类只是定义了一些规范接口而已,那么接着我们看下抽象类LoaderManager的实现类LoaderManagerImpl,如下:
class LoaderManagerImpl extends LoaderManager {
static final String TAG = "LoaderManager";
static boolean DEBUG = false;
//保存当前存活的Loader
final SparseArray<LoaderInfo> mLoaders = new SparseArray<LoaderInfo>(0);
//保存已经运行完的Loader
final SparseArray<LoaderInfo> mInactiveLoaders = new SparseArray<LoaderInfo>(0);
final String mWho;
Activity mActivity;
boolean mStarted;
boolean mRetaining;
boolean mRetainingStarted;
//是否正在创建Loader,多线程中同时调运创建会导致异常
boolean mCreatingLoader;
//Loader的封装类
final class LoaderInfo implements Loader.OnLoadCompleteListener<Object>,
Loader.OnLoadCanceledListener<Object> {
final int mId;
final Bundle mArgs;
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Object> mCallbacks;
Loader<Object> mLoader;
boolean mHaveData;
boolean mDeliveredData;
Object mData;
boolean mStarted;
//mRetaining标记Activity配置变化时保持当前Loader,不用销毁;和上面分析Activity的LoaderManager的retainNonConfigurationInstances方法关联!!!!!!
boolean mRetaining;
boolean mRetainingStarted;
boolean mReportNextStart;
boolean mDestroyed;
boolean mListenerRegistered;
LoaderInfo mPendingLoader;
//LoaderInfo构造方法
public LoaderInfo(int id, Bundle args, LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Object> callbacks) {
mId = id;
mArgs = args;
mCallbacks = callbacks;
}
//启动一个Loader
void start() {
//配置改变恢复则不用启动,用原来的
if (mRetaining && mRetainingStarted) {
mStarted = true;
return;
}
//如果已经启动,则不用再restart了
if (mStarted) {
return;
}
mStarted = true;
//如果当前封装中mLoader为空并且通过构造方法的mCallbacks不为空则回调onCreateLoader方法创建Loader
if (mLoader == null && mCallbacks != null) {
mLoader = mCallbacks.onCreateLoader(mId, mArgs);
}
if (mLoader != null) {
if (mLoader.getClass().isMemberClass()
&& !Modifier.isStatic(mLoader.getClass().getModifiers())) {
//如果当前创建的Loader对象是一个非静态内部类则抛异常!!!!!!
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Object returned from onCreateLoader must not be a non-static inner member class: "
+ mLoader);
}
if (!mListenerRegistered) {
//注册Loader的监听方法
mLoader.registerListener(mId, this);
mLoader.registerOnLoadCanceledListener(this);
mListenerRegistered = true;
}
//调运Loader的startLoading方法
mLoader.startLoading();
}
}
//Activity的配置改变时进行标志位的设置,以便可以保存,配合上面Activity的分析!!!!!!
void retain() {
mRetaining = true;
......
}
//Activity配置变化后重启后如果有数据则通知回调方法,配合上面Activity的分析!!!!!!
void finishRetain() {
......
if (mStarted && mHaveData && !mReportNextStart) {
callOnLoadFinished(mLoader, mData);
}
}
//配合上面Activity的分析!!!!!!
void reportStart() {
......
}
//停止Loader
void stop() {
mStarted = false;
if (!mRetaining) {
//如果不是Activity配置变化,即不用保存则注销掉这些回调
if (mLoader != null && mListenerRegistered) {
......
}
}
}
//取消掉Loader
void cancel() {
......
}
//销毁掉Loader
void destroy() {
......
if (mCallbacks != null && mLoader != null && mHaveData && needReset) {
......
try {
//在destroy时如果有数据存在则调用callback的onLoaderReset方法!!!!!!
mCallbacks.onLoaderReset(mLoader);
} finally {
......
}
}
......
if (mLoader != null) {
//注销监听方法
if (mListenerRegistered) {
......
}
//close Cursor等重置操作
mLoader.reset();
}
if (mPendingLoader != null) {
mPendingLoader.destroy();
}
}
//Loader被取消时回调该方法
@Override
public void onLoadCanceled(Loader<Object> loader) {
......
LoaderInfo pending = mPendingLoader;
//执行最新的Loader
if (pending != null) {
mPendingLoader = null;
mLoaders.put(mId, null);
destroy();
installLoader(pending);
}
}
//加载完成时回调
@Override
public void onLoadComplete(Loader<Object> loader, Object data) {
......
//执行最新的Loader
if (pending != null) {
mPendingLoader = null;
mLoaders.put(mId, null);
destroy();
installLoader(pending);
return;
}
if (mData != data || !mHaveData) {
mData = data;
mHaveData = true;
if (mStarted) {
callOnLoadFinished(loader, data);
}
}
......
}
//调用onLoadFinished
void callOnLoadFinished(Loader<Object> loader, Object data) {
if (mCallbacks != null) {
......
try {
//回调onLoadFinished方法
mCallbacks.onLoadFinished(loader, data);
} finally {
......
}
mDeliveredData = true;
}
}
}
//!!!!!!真正LoaderManagerImpl的构造方法
LoaderManagerImpl(String who, Activity activity, boolean started) {
mWho = who;
mActivity = activity;
mStarted = started;
}
//更新当前Activity引用
void updateActivity(Activity activity) {
mActivity = activity;
}
//私有的创建Loader方法
private LoaderInfo createLoader(int id, Bundle args,
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Object> callback) {
LoaderInfo info = new LoaderInfo(id, args, (LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Object>)callback);
//回调callback的onCreateLoader方法得到Loader对象
Loader<Object> loader = callback.onCreateLoader(id, args);
//把得到的Loader对象包装成LoaderInfo对象
info.mLoader = (Loader<Object>)loader;
return info;
}
//包装了创建Loader与install方法,并将mCreatingLoader标记置位
private LoaderInfo createAndInstallLoader(int id, Bundle args,
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Object> callback) {
try {
mCreatingLoader = true;
//调运上面的私有创建方法创建LoaderInfo对象
LoaderInfo info = createLoader(id, args, callback);
//把创建的LoaderInfo对象传入installLoader方法
installLoader(info);
return info;
} finally {
mCreatingLoader = false;
}
}
void installLoader(LoaderInfo info) {
//将创建的LoaderInfo对象存入mLoaders的Map中
mLoaders.put(info.mId, info);
if (mStarted) {
//如果Activity已经started,则启动LoaderInfo的start方法
info.start();
}
}
//public的方法,创建一个Loader,前面介绍过的
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <D> Loader<D> initLoader(int id, Bundle args, LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<D> callback) {
//如果多线程中正在有创建的则抛出异常(写代码要注意这种情况,尤其是跑Monkey容易抛出,解决办法就是保证都在统一线程中执行!!!!!!)
if (mCreatingLoader) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Called while creating a loader");
}
//从现有的Map中尝试获取指定ID的LoaderInfo对象
LoaderInfo info = mLoaders.get(id);
if (info == null) {
//发现不存在就调运上面的createAndInstallLoader创建一个
info = createAndInstallLoader(id, args, (LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Object>)callback);
} else {
//否则还用当前的Loader,只是重新赋值了callBack而已
info.mCallbacks = (LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Object>)callback;
}
if (info.mHaveData && mStarted) {
//已经有数据,直接调运LoaderInfo的callOnLoadFinished
info.callOnLoadFinished(info.mLoader, info.mData);
}
//返回Loader对象
return (Loader<D>)info.mLoader;
}
//重新创造Loader,前面介绍过的
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <D> Loader<D> restartLoader(int id, Bundle args, LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<D> callback) {
if (mCreatingLoader) {
//如果多线程中正在有创建的则抛出异常(写代码要注意这种情况,尤其是跑Monkey容易抛出,解决办法就是保证都在统一线程中执行!!!!!!)
throw new IllegalStateException("Called while creating a loader");
}
LoaderInfo info = mLoaders.get(id);
if (info != null) {
LoaderInfo inactive = mInactiveLoaders.get(id);
if (inactive != null) {
if (info.mHaveData) {
//发现是已经运行完的Loader且已经存在的Loader有数据则destroy掉运行完的Loader
inactive.mDeliveredData = false;
inactive.destroy();
info.mLoader.abandon();
mInactiveLoaders.put(id, info);
} else {
if (!info.mStarted) {
//有相同id的Loader还没start则destory掉
mLoaders.put(id, null);
info.destroy();
} else {
//有一个相同id的Loader正在加载数据,但是还没加载完,调用它的cancel()方法通知取消加载
info.cancel();
if (info.mPendingLoader != null) {
info.mPendingLoader.destroy();
info.mPendingLoader = null;
}
//创建一个指定id的Loader同时赋给mPendingLoader,因为这个时候已经有一个Loader正在加载数据,而且我们已经调用了其cancel()方法来通知取消加载
info.mPendingLoader = createLoader(id, args,
(LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Object>)callback);
//返回创建的Loader
return (Loader<D>)info.mPendingLoader.mLoader;
}
}
} else {
//终止已存在的Loader
info.mLoader.abandon();
mInactiveLoaders.put(id, info);
}
}
//重新创建Loader返回
info = createAndInstallLoader(id, args, (LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<Object>)callback);
return (Loader<D>)info.mLoader;
}
//销毁指定id的Loader
public void destroyLoader(int id) {
if (mCreatingLoader) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Called while creating a loader");
}
//不解释,单纯的destory
int idx = mLoaders.indexOfKey(id);
if (idx >= 0) {
LoaderInfo info = mLoaders.valueAt(idx);
mLoaders.removeAt(idx);
info.destroy();
}
idx = mInactiveLoaders.indexOfKey(id);
if (idx >= 0) {
LoaderInfo info = mInactiveLoaders.valueAt(idx);
mInactiveLoaders.removeAt(idx);
info.destroy();
}
......
}
//获取指定id的Loader对象
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <D> Loader<D> getLoader(int id) {
if (mCreatingLoader) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Called while creating a loader");
}
//优先获取LoaderInfo中的mPendingLoader
LoaderInfo loaderInfo = mLoaders.get(id);
if (loaderInfo != null) {
if (loaderInfo.mPendingLoader != null) {
return (Loader<D>)loaderInfo.mPendingLoader.mLoader;
}
return (Loader<D>)loaderInfo.mLoader;
}
return null;
}
......
}
我勒个去!好长,好累!通过上面粗略的分析你会发现和我们上面基础实例介绍LoaderManager的方法时描述的一样,每个方法都有自己的特点,发挥着各自的作用,LoaderManager的实质是将Loader对象转换为LoaderInfo来进行管理,也就是管理了所有的Loader对象。
3-3 Loader及其实现类的浅析
上面分析了Activity及Fragment管理了LoaderManager的相关方法,LoaderManager管理了Loader的相关方法,那么接下来我们就来看看这个被管理的终极目标Loader是咋回事,还有他的子类咋回事。
先来看看我画的一张关系图,如下:
我去,这图现在看可能有些吓人,我们还是先来慢慢分析一下再说吧。
3-3-1 Loader基类源码浅析
我们先来看看这个Loader基类吧,该类核心方法及内部类结构图如下:
代码分析如下:
public class Loader<D> {
int mId;
OnLoadCompleteListener<D> mListener;
OnLoadCanceledListener<D> mOnLoadCanceledListener;
Context mContext;
boolean mStarted = false;
boolean mAbandoned = false;
boolean mReset = true;
boolean mContentChanged = false;
boolean mProcessingChange = false;
//数据源变化监听器(观察者模式),实现了ContentObserver类
public final class ForceLoadContentObserver extends ContentObserver {
public ForceLoadContentObserver() {
super(new Handler());
}
@Override
public boolean deliverSelfNotifications() {
return true;
}
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
//实质是调运Loader的forceLoad方法
onContentChanged();
}
}
//Loader加载完成接口,当加载完成时Loader通知loaderManager,loaderManager再回调我们initLoader方法的callback
public interface OnLoadCompleteListener<D> {
public void onLoadComplete(Loader<D> loader, D data);
}
//LoaderManager中监听cancel,同上类似
public interface OnLoadCanceledListener<D> {
public void onLoadCanceled(Loader<D> loader);
}
//构造方法
public Loader(Context context) {
//mContext持有Application的Context,防止泄露内存等
mContext = context.getApplicationContext();
}
//加载完成时回调传递加载数据结果,实质是对OnLoadCompleteListener接口方法的封装
public void deliverResult(D data) {
if (mListener != null) {
mListener.onLoadComplete(this, data);
}
}
//类似同上,对OnLoadCanceledListener的方法的封装
public void deliverCancellation() {
if (mOnLoadCanceledListener != null) {
mOnLoadCanceledListener.onLoadCanceled(this);
}
}
public Context getContext() {
return mContext;
}
public int getId() {
return mId;
}
public void registerListener(int id, OnLoadCompleteListener<D> listener) {
mListener = listener;
mId = id;
}
public void unregisterListener(OnLoadCompleteListener<D> listener) {
mListener = null;
}
public void registerOnLoadCanceledListener(OnLoadCanceledListener<D> listener) {
mOnLoadCanceledListener = listener;
}
public void unregisterOnLoadCanceledListener(OnLoadCanceledListener<D> listener) {
mOnLoadCanceledListener = null;
}
public boolean isStarted() {
return mStarted;
}
public boolean isAbandoned() {
return mAbandoned;
}
public boolean isReset() {
return mReset;
}
//开始加载数据时LoaderManager会调用该方法
public final void startLoading() {
//设置标记
mStarted = true;
mReset = false;
mAbandoned = false;
onStartLoading();
}
//真正开始加载数据的地方******空方法,子类实现!!!!!!
protected void onStartLoading() {
}
//取消Loader的方法
public boolean cancelLoad() {
return onCancelLoad();
}
//真正取消的地方******,子类实现!!!!!!return false表示取消失败(因为已完成或未开始)
protected boolean onCancelLoad() {
return false;
}
//强制重新Loader,放弃旧数据
public void forceLoad() {
onForceLoad();
}
//真正重新Loader的地方******空方法,子类实现!!!!!!
protected void onForceLoad() {
}
//同上
public void stopLoading() {
mStarted = false;
onStopLoading();
}
protected void onStopLoading() {
}
//同上
public void abandon() {
mAbandoned = true;
onAbandon();
}
protected void onAbandon() {
}
//同上
public void reset() {
onReset();
mReset = true;
mStarted = false;
mAbandoned = false;
mContentChanged = false;
mProcessingChange = false;
}
protected void onReset() {
}
//Loader数据变化的一些标记处理
public boolean takeContentChanged() {
boolean res = mContentChanged;
mContentChanged = false;
mProcessingChange |= res;
return res;
}
public void commitContentChanged() {
mProcessingChange = false;
}
public void rollbackContentChanged() {
if (mProcessingChange) {
mContentChanged = true;
}
}
//上面ForceLoadContentObserver内部类的onChange方法调运
public void onContentChanged() {
if (mStarted) {
forceLoad();
} else {
mContentChanged = true;
}
}
//一些方便调试的方法
public String dataToString(D data)
public String toString()
public void dump(String prefix, FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args)
}
通过上面粗略的分析可以发现,Loader基类无非也就是一个方法接口的定义类,组织预留了一些方法供LoaderManager去调运处理,同时需要子类实现其提供的一些onXXX方法,以便LoaderManager调运Loader的方法时可以触发Loader子类的实现逻辑。
3-3-2 AsyncTaskLoader抽象子类源码浅析
上面既然说了Loader类的作用主要是规定接口,同时供LoaderManager管理,那LoaderManager管理的Loader自然需要做一些事情,也就是说我们需要继承Loader实现一些逻辑操作。然而好在系统API已经帮我们实现了一些简单的封装实现,我们这里就先来看下Loader的直接子类AsyncTaskLoader吧,先来看下该抽象子类的方法及内部类粗略图,如下:
代码分析如下:
public abstract class AsyncTaskLoader<D> extends Loader<D> {
static final String TAG = "AsyncTaskLoader";
static final boolean DEBUG = false;
//LoadTask内部类是对AsyncTask的封装,实现了Runnable接口
final class LoadTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, D> implements Runnable {
......
@Override
protected D doInBackground(Void... params) {
try {
//AsyncTask的子线程中执行AsyncTaskLoader的onLoadInBackground方法!!!!重点
D data = AsyncTaskLoader.this.onLoadInBackground();
//把执行结果数据D返回到UI线程
return data;
} catch (OperationCanceledException ex) {
if (!isCancelled()) {
throw ex;
}
return null;
}
}
/* Runs on the UI thread */
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(D data) {
//AsyncTask子线程执行完毕后回调AsyncTaskLoader的dispatchOnLoadComplete方法
AsyncTaskLoader.this.dispatchOnLoadComplete(this, data);
}
/* Runs on the UI thread */
@Override
protected void onCancelled(D data) {
//取消AsyncTask时调运
AsyncTaskLoader.this.dispatchOnCancelled(this, data);
}
//Runnable的实现方法
@Override
public void run() {
waiting = false;
AsyncTaskLoader.this.executePendingTask();
}
......
}
private final Executor mExecutor;
volatile LoadTask mTask;
volatile LoadTask mCancellingTask;
long mUpdateThrottle;
long mLastLoadCompleteTime = -10000;
Handler mHandler;
//public构造方法
public AsyncTaskLoader(Context context) {
this(context, AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR);
}
/** {@hide} 无法被外部调运的构造方法 */
public AsyncTaskLoader(Context context, Executor executor) {
super(context);
mExecutor = executor;
}
public void setUpdateThrottle(long delayMS) {
mUpdateThrottle = delayMS;
if (delayMS != 0) {
mHandler = new Handler();
}
}
@Override
protected void onForceLoad() {
super.onForceLoad();
//取消当前的Loader
cancelLoad();
//新建task并执行
mTask = new LoadTask();
executePendingTask();
}
@Override
protected boolean onCancelLoad() {
......
}
public void onCanceled(D data) {
}
//LoadTask的Runnable方法run中执行
void executePendingTask() {
if (mCancellingTask == null && mTask != null) {
if (mTask.waiting) {
mTask.waiting = false;
mHandler.removeCallbacks(mTask);
}
if (mUpdateThrottle > 0) {
long now = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
if (now < (mLastLoadCompleteTime+mUpdateThrottle)) {
// Not yet time to do another load.
mTask.waiting = true;
mHandler.postAtTime(mTask, mLastLoadCompleteTime+mUpdateThrottle);
return;
}
}
//真正的触发执行AsyncTask方法
mTask.executeOnExecutor(mExecutor, (Void[]) null);
}
}
void dispatchOnCancelled(LoadTask task, D data) {
onCanceled(data);
if (mCancellingTask == task) {
rollbackContentChanged();
mLastLoadCompleteTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
mCancellingTask = null;
//触发Loader的接口方法onLoadCanceled,在LoaderManager中实现
deliverCancellation();
executePendingTask();
}
}
void dispatchOnLoadComplete(LoadTask task, D data) {
if (mTask != task) {
dispatchOnCancelled(task, data);
} else {
if (isAbandoned()) {
// This cursor has been abandoned; just cancel the new data.
onCanceled(data);
} else {
commitContentChanged();
mLastLoadCompleteTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
mTask = null;
//触发Loader的接口方法onLoadComplete,在LoaderManager中实现
deliverResult(data);
}
}
}
//需要子类实现!!!!!在子线程中执行
public abstract D loadInBackground();
//LoadTask(AsyncTask的子线程中回调)中调运
protected D onLoadInBackground() {
return loadInBackground();
}
//LoadTask(AsyncTask的onCancelLoad中回调)调运
public void cancelLoadInBackground() {
}
public boolean isLoadInBackgroundCanceled() {
return mCancellingTask != null;
}
//锁标记处理
public void waitForLoader() {
LoadTask task = mTask;
if (task != null) {
task.waitForLoader();
}
}
}
可以看见上面继承Loader的AsyncTaskLoader其实质是提供了一个基于AsyncTask工作机制的Loader(子类LoadTask继承AsyncTask<Void, Void, D>
,并且实现了Runable接口,功能十分强大。),但是不可直接用,因为其为abstract抽象类,所以我们需要继承实现它才可以使用,然而好在系统API已经帮我们提供了他现成的子类CursorLoader,但CursorLoader同时也限制了Loader的泛型数据为Cursor类型。当然了,我们如果想要Loader自己的类型数据那也很简单—继承实现AsyncTaskLoader即可,后面会给出例子的。
3-3-3 CursorLoader子类源码浅析
有了上面继承自Loader的抽象AsyncTaskLoader,接下来我们就来看看SDK为我们提供的抽象AsyncTaskLoader实现类CursorLoader,我们先来粗略看看该类的方法图,如下:
具体代码分析如下:
//继承自AsyncTaskLoader,数据类型为Cursor的Loader异步加载实现类
public class CursorLoader extends AsyncTaskLoader<Cursor> {
//Cursor的子类ForceLoadContentObserver
final ForceLoadContentObserver mObserver;
Uri mUri;
String[] mProjection;
String mSelection;
String[] mSelectionArgs;
String mSortOrder;
Cursor mCursor;
CancellationSignal mCancellationSignal;
/* Runs on a worker thread
最核心的实现方法,在这里查询获取数据 */
@Override
public Cursor loadInBackground() {
synchronized (this) {
if (isLoadInBackgroundCanceled()) {
throw new OperationCanceledException();
}
mCancellationSignal = new CancellationSignal();
}
try {
//不过多解释,耗时的查询操作
Cursor cursor = getContext().getContentResolver().query(mUri, mProjection, mSelection,
mSelectionArgs, mSortOrder, mCancellationSignal);
if (cursor != null) {
try {
// Ensure the cursor window is filled.
cursor.getCount();
//给Cursor设置观察者;ContentProvider通知Cursor的观察者数据发生了改变,Cursor通知CursorLoader的观察者数据发生了改变,CursorLoader通过ContentProvider重新加载新的数据
cursor.registerContentObserver(mObserver);
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
cursor.close();
throw ex;
}
}
return cursor;
} finally {
synchronized (this) {
mCancellationSignal = null;
}
}
}
@Override
public void cancelLoadInBackground() {
super.cancelLoadInBackground();
synchronized (this) {
if (mCancellationSignal != null) {
mCancellationSignal.cancel();
}
}
}
/* Runs on the UI thread */
@Override
public void deliverResult(Cursor cursor) {
if (isReset()) {
// An async query came in while the loader is stopped
if (cursor != null) {
cursor.close();
}
return;
}
Cursor oldCursor = mCursor;
mCursor = cursor;
if (isStarted()) {
super.deliverResult(cursor);
}
if (oldCursor != null && oldCursor != cursor && !oldCursor.isClosed()) {
oldCursor.close();
}
}
public CursorLoader(Context context) {
super(context);
mObserver = new ForceLoadContentObserver();
}
public CursorLoader(Context context, Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
super(context);
//新建一个当前类(Loader)的内部类对象,数据库变化时调运ForceLoadContentObserver的onChange方法,onChange调运Loader的onContentChanged方法,onContentChanged调运Loader的forceLoad方法
mObserver = new ForceLoadContentObserver();
mUri = uri;
mProjection = projection;
mSelection = selection;
mSelectionArgs = selectionArgs;
mSortOrder = sortOrder;
}
@Override
protected void onStartLoading() {
if (mCursor != null) {
deliverResult(mCursor);
}
if (takeContentChanged() || mCursor == null) {
forceLoad();
}
}
@Override
protected void onStopLoading() {
// Attempt to cancel the current load task if possible.
cancelLoad();
}
@Override
public void onCanceled(Cursor cursor) {
if (cursor != null && !cursor.isClosed()) {
cursor.close();
}
}
@Override
protected void onReset() {
super.onReset();
// Ensure the loader is stopped
onStopLoading();
if (mCursor != null && !mCursor.isClosed()) {
mCursor.close();
}
mCursor = null;
}
public Uri getUri() {
return mUri;
}
public void setUri(Uri uri) {
mUri = uri;
}
public String[] getProjection() {
return mProjection;
}
public void setProjection(String[] projection) {
mProjection = projection;
}
public String getSelection() {
return mSelection;
}
public void setSelection(String selection) {
mSelection = selection;
}
public String[] getSelectionArgs() {
return mSelectionArgs;
}
public void setSelectionArgs(String[] selectionArgs) {
mSelectionArgs = selectionArgs;
}
public String getSortOrder() {
return mSortOrder;
}
public void setSortOrder(String sortOrder) {
mSortOrder = sortOrder;
}
}
可以发现,CursorLoader的封装大大简化了应用开发者代码的复杂度;它完全就是一个异步的数据库查询瑞士军刀,没有啥特别需要分析的地方,所以不再过多说明。
3-4 Loaders相关源码浅析总结
通过上面我们的源码分析和分析前那副图可以总结如下结论:
一次完整的数据加载流程为Activity调用LoaderManager的doStart()方法,然后LoaderManager调用Loader的startLoading()方法,然后Loader调运AsyncTaskLoader的doingBackground()方法进行耗时数据加载,然后AsyncTaskLoader回调LoaderManager的complete数据加载完成方法,接着LoaderManager回调我们在Activity中实现的callback中的onLoadFinish()方法。
Acivity和Fragment的生命周期主动管理了LoaderManager,每个Activity用一个ArrayMap的mAllLoaderManager来保存当前Activity及其附属Frament的唯一LoaderManager;在Activity配置发生变化时,Activity在destory前会保存mAllLoaderManager,当Activity再重新创建时,会在Activity的onAttcach()、onCreate()、performStart()方法中恢复mAllLoaderManager。
LoaderManager给Activity提供了管理自己的一些方法;同时主动管理了对应的Loader,它把每一个Loader封装为LoadInfo对象,同时它负责主动调运管理Loader的startLoading()、stopLoading()、,forceLoad()等方法。
由于整个Activity和Fragment主动管理了Loader,所以关于Loader的释放(譬如CursorLoader的Cursor关闭等)不需要我们人为处理,Loader框架会帮我们很好的处理的;同时特别注意,对于CursorLoader,当我们数据源发生变化时Loader框架会通过ContentObserver调用onContentChanged的forceLoad方法重新请求数据进行回调刷新。
好了,至此你会发现Loader真的很牛叉,No!应该是Google的工程师真的很牛叉,架构真的很赞,值得推荐。
【工匠若水 http://blog.csdn.net/yanbober 转载请注明出处。点我开始Android技术交流】
4 应用层开发之Loader进阶实战
上面对于Loader的基础使用及源码框架都进行了简单分析,有了上面的铺垫我们再回过头来看看我们开发中的一些高级技巧,通过这些高级技巧不仅是对前面源码分析的实例验证,也是对自己知识的积累。
4-1 ContentPorvider情况下的CurSorLoader自动刷新
在我们使用CurSorLoader时大家都会考虑一种情况的处理—–当数据库发生变化时如何自动刷新当前UI。呵呵,我们先来说说这个原理,数据库在数据改变时通过ContentPorvider和ContentResolver发出通知,接着ContentProvider通知Cursor的观察者数据发生了变化,然后Cursor通知CursorLoader的观察者数据发生了变化,接着CursorLoader通过ContentProvider加载新数据,完事调用CursorAdapter的changeCursor()用新数据替换旧数据显示。
这个过程具体的实现步骤如下:
对获取的Cursor数据设置需要监听的URI(即,在ContentProvider的query()方法或者Loader的loadingBackground()方法中调用Cursor的setNotificationUri()方法);
在ContentProvider的insert()、update()、delete()等方法中调用ContentResolver的notifyChange()方法;
通过上面两步我们就能享受CurSorLoader的自动数据刷新功能了;可以发现,所谓的CurSorLoader自动刷新无非就是观察者模式的框架而已,所以不再过多说明。
特别注意:
有些人觉得为了方便可能会将上面第一步对于Cursor设置监听直接写在了ContentProvider的query()方法中,如下:
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[]
selectionArgs,String sortOrder) {
SQLiteDatabase database = sqLiteOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = database.query(EmailContent.CONTACT_TABLE, projection,
selection,selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
//设置NotificationUri监听
cursor.setNotificationUri(contentResolver, EmailContent.MESSAGE);
return cursor;
}
这里要提醒的是,这种写法在某些场合下是不值得推荐的(譬如大规模上千次并发平凡的调运query操作场合),因为效率极低,他会频繁的通过Binder进行通信,导致system_server不停的调运GC操作,以至于会使系统卡顿。
PS:因为我以前跳过一次这个坑,平时使用应用没啥问题,但是当进行压力测试时却发现LogCat一直在不停的打印GC,同时导致当前系统卡顿,杀掉应用后系统就不卡了,所以基本怀疑问题就出在了应用中,于是通过很多办法去查找(譬如dempsys content去查看个数),最终发现罪魁祸首是这个监听频繁调运导致的,随将其挪到loadingBackground中不再卡顿。
4-2 不使用ContentPorvider且自定义Loader的情况下自动刷新
我们目前的项目其实都使用了ContentPorvider实现,所以就是上面讲的那些情况。但是你一定会问,如果我们应用的数据不用于应用间共享,使用ContentProvider那得多麻烦啊?我先告诉你,是很麻烦,但是Android提供的CursorLoader的API必须使用ContentProvider才能实现数据加载和自动刷新。
这时候你指定会说,那还说个屁!哎,别急,你看看下面这段代码是否会有所感触呢,如下:
public NoProviderLoader extends AsyncTaskLoader {
......
ForceLoadContentObserver mObserver = new ForceLoadContentObserver();
......
@Override
public Cursor loadInBackground() {
SQLiteDatabase database = sqLiteOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor cursor = database.query(table, columns, selection, selectionArgs, groupBy, having, orderBy);
if (cursor != null) {
//最重要的两行代码!!!!!!
cursor.registerContentObserver(mObserver);//给Cursor设置观察者
cursor.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), otificationUri);//给Cursor设置要观察的URI
}
return cursor;
}
......
}
咦?是不是上面代码很奇怪,异步操作的方法中没有使用ContentProvider,而是直接读取了数据库。握草!这不就是我们刚刚想要的需求么,它没有使用ContentProvider提供Cursor数据,同时实现了数据变化自动更新功能。
简单解释下上面代码的原理吧,我们自定义的NoProviderLoader中定义的ForceLoadContentObserver是Loader的一个内部类,上面源码分析已经解释过了,当数据变化时会调运该类的onChange()方法,实质是调运了Loader的forceLoad()方法,所以能够自动刷新,不多解释了。
4-3 Loader自定义之AsyncTaskLoader衍生
可能看到这里你更加会举一反三的反驳一句了,上面搞了半天都是和数据库Cursor相关的东东,难道Loader就不能异步处理别的数据结构么?答案是能,因为你可能已经注意到了Loader和AsyncTaskLoader都是泛型类;既然这样,那我们找猫画虎一把呗,仿照CursorLoader自定义一个自己的异步加载试试,具体实现如下(哈哈,想了又想,这里还是直接给出官方的自定义AsyncTaskLoader好点,毕竟权威些,详细点我查看官方自定义实现Demo):
官方对于查询已安装App列表的Loader实现,支持新App安装后自动刷新的功能,实现如下:
/**
* This class holds the per-item data in our Loader.
*/
public static class AppEntry {
public AppEntry(AppListLoader loader, ApplicationInfo info) {
mLoader = loader;
mInfo = info;
mApkFile = new File(info.sourceDir);
}
public ApplicationInfo getApplicationInfo() {
return mInfo;
}
public String getLabel() {
return mLabel;
}
public Drawable getIcon() {
if (mIcon == null) {
if (mApkFile.exists()) {
mIcon = mInfo.loadIcon(mLoader.mPm);
return mIcon;
} else {
mMounted = false;
}
} else if (!mMounted) {
// If the app wasn't mounted but is now mounted, reload
// its icon.
if (mApkFile.exists()) {
mMounted = true;
mIcon = mInfo.loadIcon(mLoader.mPm);
return mIcon;
}
} else {
return mIcon;
}
return mLoader.getContext().getResources().getDrawable(
android.R.drawable.sym_def_app_icon);
}
@Override public String toString() {
return mLabel;
}
void loadLabel(Context context) {
if (mLabel == null || !mMounted) {
if (!mApkFile.exists()) {
mMounted = false;
mLabel = mInfo.packageName;
} else {
mMounted = true;
CharSequence label = mInfo.loadLabel(context.getPackageManager());
mLabel = label != null ? label.toString() : mInfo.packageName;
}
}
}
private final AppListLoader mLoader;
private final ApplicationInfo mInfo;
private final File mApkFile;
private String mLabel;
private Drawable mIcon;
private boolean mMounted;
}
/**
* Perform alphabetical comparison of application entry objects.
*/
public static final Comparator<AppEntry> ALPHA_COMPARATOR = new Comparator<AppEntry>() {
private final Collator sCollator = Collator.getInstance();
@Override
public int compare(AppEntry object1, AppEntry object2) {
return sCollator.compare(object1.getLabel(), object2.getLabel());
}
};
/**
* Helper for determining if the configuration has changed in an interesting
* way so we need to rebuild the app list.
*/
public static class InterestingConfigChanges {
final Configuration mLastConfiguration = new Configuration();
int mLastDensity;
boolean applyNewConfig(Resources res) {
int configChanges = mLastConfiguration.updateFrom(res.getConfiguration());
boolean densityChanged = mLastDensity != res.getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi;
if (densityChanged || (configChanges&(ActivityInfo.CONFIG_LOCALE
|ActivityInfo.CONFIG_UI_MODE|ActivityInfo.CONFIG_SCREEN_LAYOUT)) != 0) {
mLastDensity = res.getDisplayMetrics().densityDpi;
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
/**
* Helper class to look for interesting changes to the installed apps
* so that the loader can be updated.
*/
public static class PackageIntentReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
final AppListLoader mLoader;
public PackageIntentReceiver(AppListLoader loader) {
mLoader = loader;
IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_ADDED);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_REMOVED);
filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_PACKAGE_CHANGED);
filter.addDataScheme("package");
mLoader.getContext().registerReceiver(this, filter);
// Register for events related to sdcard installation.
IntentFilter sdFilter = new IntentFilter();
sdFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_AVAILABLE);
sdFilter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_EXTERNAL_APPLICATIONS_UNAVAILABLE);
mLoader.getContext().registerReceiver(this, sdFilter);
}
@Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
// Tell the loader about the change.
mLoader.onContentChanged();
}
}
/**
* A custom Loader that loads all of the installed applications.
*/
public static class AppListLoader extends AsyncTaskLoader<List<AppEntry>> {
final InterestingConfigChanges mLastConfig = new InterestingConfigChanges();
final PackageManager mPm;
List<AppEntry> mApps;
PackageIntentReceiver mPackageObserver;
public AppListLoader(Context context) {
super(context);
// Retrieve the package manager for later use; note we don't
// use 'context' directly but instead the save global application
// context returned by getContext().
mPm = getContext().getPackageManager();
}
/**
* This is where the bulk of our work is done. This function is
* called in a background thread and should generate a new set of
* data to be published by the loader.
*/
@Override public List<AppEntry> loadInBackground() {
// Retrieve all known applications.
List<ApplicationInfo> apps = mPm.getInstalledApplications(
PackageManager.GET_UNINSTALLED_PACKAGES |
PackageManager.GET_DISABLED_COMPONENTS);
if (apps == null) {
apps = new ArrayList<ApplicationInfo>();
}
final Context context = getContext();
// Create corresponding array of entries and load their labels.
List<AppEntry> entries = new ArrayList<AppEntry>(apps.size());
for (int i=0; i<apps.size(); i++) {
AppEntry entry = new AppEntry(this, apps.get(i));
entry.loadLabel(context);
entries.add(entry);
}
// Sort the list.
Collections.sort(entries, ALPHA_COMPARATOR);
// Done!
return entries;
}
/**
* Called when there is new data to deliver to the client. The
* super class will take care of delivering it; the implementation
* here just adds a little more logic.
*/
@Override public void deliverResult(List<AppEntry> apps) {
if (isReset()) {
// An async query came in while the loader is stopped. We
// don't need the result.
if (apps != null) {
onReleaseResources(apps);
}
}
List<AppEntry> oldApps = mApps;
mApps = apps;
if (isStarted()) {
// If the Loader is currently started, we can immediately
// deliver its results.
super.deliverResult(apps);
}
// At this point we can release the resources associated with
// 'oldApps' if needed; now that the new result is delivered we
// know that it is no longer in use.
if (oldApps != null) {
onReleaseResources(oldApps);
}
}
/**
* Handles a request to start the Loader.
*/
@Override protected void onStartLoading() {
if (mApps != null) {
// If we currently have a result available, deliver it
// immediately.
deliverResult(mApps);
}
// Start watching for changes in the app data.
if (mPackageObserver == null) {
mPackageObserver = new PackageIntentReceiver(this);
}
// Has something interesting in the configuration changed since we
// last built the app list?
boolean configChange = mLastConfig.applyNewConfig(getContext().getResources());
if (takeContentChanged() || mApps == null || configChange) {
// If the data has changed since the last time it was loaded
// or is not currently available, start a load.
forceLoad();
}
}
/**
* Handles a request to stop the Loader.
*/
@Override protected void onStopLoading() {
// Attempt to cancel the current load task if possible.
cancelLoad();
}
/**
* Handles a request to cancel a load.
*/
@Override public void onCanceled(List<AppEntry> apps) {
super.onCanceled(apps);
// At this point we can release the resources associated with 'apps'
// if needed.
onReleaseResources(apps);
}
/**
* Handles a request to completely reset the Loader.
*/
@Override protected void onReset() {
super.onReset();
// Ensure the loader is stopped
onStopLoading();
// At this point we can release the resources associated with 'apps'
// if needed.
if (mApps != null) {
onReleaseResources(mApps);
mApps = null;
}
// Stop monitoring for changes.
if (mPackageObserver != null) {
getContext().unregisterReceiver(mPackageObserver);
mPackageObserver = null;
}
}
/**
* Helper function to take care of releasing resources associated
* with an actively loaded data set.
*/
protected void onReleaseResources(List<AppEntry> apps) {
// For a simple List<> there is nothing to do. For something
// like a Cursor, we would close it here.
}
}
不用多说,上面Loader为Google出品,强大的不得了,我们完全可以仿写这个例子实现自己的请求。
如下为官方对该自定义Loader调运的Demo代码:
public static class AppListAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<AppEntry> {
private final LayoutInflater mInflater;
public AppListAdapter(Context context) {
super(context, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_2);
mInflater = (LayoutInflater)context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
}
public void setData(List<AppEntry> data) {
clear();
if (data != null) {
addAll(data);
}
}
/**
* Populate new items in the list.
*/
@Override public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
View view;
if (convertView == null) {
view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item_icon_text, parent, false);
} else {
view = convertView;
}
AppEntry item = getItem(position);
((ImageView)view.findViewById(R.id.icon)).setImageDrawable(item.getIcon());
((TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.text)).setText(item.getLabel());
return view;
}
}
public static class AppListFragment extends ListFragment
implements OnQueryTextListener, OnCloseListener,
LoaderManager.LoaderCallbacks<List<AppEntry>> {
// This is the Adapter being used to display the list's data.
AppListAdapter mAdapter;
// The SearchView for doing filtering.
SearchView mSearchView;
// If non-null, this is the current filter the user has provided.
String mCurFilter;
@Override public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
// Give some text to display if there is no data. In a real
// application this would come from a resource.
setEmptyText("No applications");
// We have a menu item to show in action bar.
setHasOptionsMenu(true);
// Create an empty adapter we will use to display the loaded data.
mAdapter = new AppListAdapter(getActivity());
setListAdapter(mAdapter);
// Start out with a progress indicator.
setListShown(false);
// Prepare the loader. Either re-connect with an existing one,
// or start a new one.
getLoaderManager().initLoader(0, null, this);
}
public static class MySearchView extends SearchView {
public MySearchView(Context context) {
super(context);
}
// The normal SearchView doesn't clear its search text when
// collapsed, so we will do this for it.
@Override
public void onActionViewCollapsed() {
setQuery("", false);
super.onActionViewCollapsed();
}
}
@Override public void onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
// Place an action bar item for searching.
MenuItem item = menu.add("Search");
item.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_menu_search);
item.setShowAsAction(MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_IF_ROOM
| MenuItem.SHOW_AS_ACTION_COLLAPSE_ACTION_VIEW);
mSearchView = new MySearchView(getActivity());
mSearchView.setOnQueryTextListener(this);
mSearchView.setOnCloseListener(this);
mSearchView.setIconifiedByDefault(true);
item.setActionView(mSearchView);
}
@Override public boolean onQueryTextChange(String newText) {
// Called when the action bar search text has changed. Since this
// is a simple array adapter, we can just have it do the filtering.
mCurFilter = !TextUtils.isEmpty(newText) ? newText : null;
mAdapter.getFilter().filter(mCurFilter);
return true;
}
@Override public boolean onQueryTextSubmit(String query) {
// Don't care about this.
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onClose() {
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(mSearchView.getQuery())) {
mSearchView.setQuery(null, true);
}
return true;
}
@Override public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
// Insert desired behavior here.
Log.i("LoaderCustom", "Item clicked: " + id);
}
@Override public Loader<List<AppEntry>> onCreateLoader(int id, Bundle args) {
// This is called when a new Loader needs to be created. This
// sample only has one Loader with no arguments, so it is simple.
return new AppListLoader(getActivity());
}
@Override public void onLoadFinished(Loader<List<AppEntry>> loader, List<AppEntry> data) {
// Set the new data in the adapter.
mAdapter.setData(data);
// The list should now be shown.
if (isResumed()) {
setListShown(true);
} else {
setListShownNoAnimation(true);
}
}
@Override public void onLoaderReset(Loader<List<AppEntry>> loader) {
// Clear the data in the adapter.
mAdapter.setData(null);
}
}
强大的一逼!这下满技能,不解释,自己看。
4-4 进阶总结
通过前面基础实例、源码分析、进阶演示你会发现Loader的真的非常好用,非常牛逼,牛逼的我不想再解释啥了,自己体会吧。
PS:之前看见微博上有人讨论AsyncTaskLoader与AsyncTask的区别,这下彻底明朗了,看完源码我们再回过头来总结性的说说他们二者区别,如下:
class | 优势 | 劣势 |
---|---|---|
AsyncTaskLoader | 会自动刷新数据变化;会自动处理Activiy配置变化造成的影响;适合处理纯数据加载; | 不能实时通知UI刷新;不能在onLoadFinished时主动切换生命周期(譬如replace Fragment); |
AsyncTask | 可以与UI实时交互及replace操作; | 不会自动处理Activiy配置变化造成的影响; |
好了,该撕逼的也撕了,该装逼的也装了,该分析的也分析了,该学习的也学到了,接下来就是看自己如何带着Loader去叱诧风云了。
【工匠若水 http://blog.csdn.net/yanbober 转载请注明出处。点我开始Android技术交流】