django ORM常用查询条件

时间:2024-11-10 17:36:32

假设有一个模型

class Article(models.Model):
title=models.CharField(max_length=50)
content=models.TextField()
class Meta:
db_table='book'

对于查询结果是结果集,即通过filter进行查询所得的对象来说,可通过query属性来查看django转换之后的原生sql语句

……
article=Article.objects.filter(title='Hello World')
print(article.query)
print(article)
……

查询结果为

django ORM常用查询条件

exact:即相当于数据库底层的等号=

article=Article.objects.filter(title__exact='Hello World'),即相当于数据库底层的select ··· from ··· where title='Hello World'

iexact:即相当于数据库底层的like

article=Article.objects.filter(title__iexact='Hello World'),即相当于数据库底层的select ··· from ··· where title like 'Hello World'

contains:大小写敏感的匹配查询,也是like,注意转换后查询条件的两侧都有%

article=Article.objects.filter(title__contains='Hello World'),即相当于数据库底层的select ··· from ··· where title like '%Hello World%'

icontains:大小写不敏感的匹配查询

article=Article.objects.filter(title__icontains='Hello World'),即相当于数据库底层的select ··· from ··· where title like '%Hello World%'

in:查询条件是否在给定的范围内,用小括号和中括号都可以

article=Article.objects.filter(id__in=(1,2,6,9)),即相当于数据库底层的select ··· from ··· where id in (1,2,6,9)

gt:大于

gte:大于等于

lt:小于

lte:小于等于

article=Article.objects.filter(id__gt=5),即相当于数据库底层的select ··· from ··· where id > 5

startswith:以指定某个字符串开始,大小写敏感

istartswith:以指定某个字符串开始,大小写不敏感

endswith:以指定某个字符串结束,大小写敏感

iendswith:以指定某个字符串结束,大小写不敏感

article=Article.objects.filter(title__startswith='Hello'),即相当于数据库底层的select ··· from ··· where title like 'Hello%'

article=Article.objects.filter(title__endswith='Hello'),即相当于数据库底层的select ··· from ··· where title like %'Hello'

range:在某个范围,即相当于between ··· and ···,用小括号和中括号都可以

article=Article.objects.filter(id__range=(1,6)),即相当于select ··· from ··· where id between 1 and 6

isnull:是否为空

article=Article.objects.filter(content__isnull=False),即相当于select ··· from ··· where content is not null

exclude:排除满足条件的

article=Article.objects.exclude(content=False)

order_by 按指定字段正向排序

article=Article.objects.all().order_by('title')

reverse:反向排序

distinct:去重

article=Article.objects.all().values('title').distinct()