Java集合框架篇-70-LinkedHashMap和TreeMap基本使用

时间:2022-02-22 18:02:04

       这篇来学习LinkedHashMap和TreeMap基本使用,先来看看LinkedHashMap,在前面学习Set集合的时候,我们介绍了一个LinkedHashSet的类,这个也一样,算法实现是采用链表实现,属于HashMap家族。TreeMap是Map集合的另外一种实现方式,底层是二叉树实现。这篇,我们先来一个基本了解和使用就好。

1.LinkedHashMap

      LinkedHashMap有一个好处就是,如何存储顺序就如何读取出来,看看下面这个简单例子。

package map;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;

public class Demo3_LinkedHashMap {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		LinkedHashMap<String, Integer> lhm = new LinkedHashMap<>();
		lhm.put("张三", 23);
		lhm.put("王五", 25);
		lhm.put("李四", 24);
		lhm.put("赵六", 26);
		
		System.out.println(lhm);
	}

}

运行结果:

{张三=23, 王五=25, 李四=24, 赵六=26}


2.TreeMap

       前面我们介绍都是HashMap来举例,现在开始介绍TreeMap,看名称,底层是二叉树算法实现的,说明支持元素排序。在使用TreeMap比较自定义对象作为键的情况,需要自定义对象实现Comparable接口是重写Comparator方法。

package bean;

public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
	
	private String name;
	private int age;
	
	public Student() {
		super();
		
	}
	
	public Student(String name, int age) {
		super();
		this.name = name;
		this.age = age;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}

	public void setAge(int age) {
		this.age = age;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + "]";
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = 1;
		result = prime * result + age;
		result = prime * result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
		return result;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (obj == null)
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		Student other = (Student) obj;
		if (age != other.age)
			return false;
		if (name == null) {
			if (other.name != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
			return false;
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public int compareTo(Student s) {
		int num = this.age - s.age;   //以年龄为主要比较条件
		return num == 0? this.name.compareTo(s.name) : num;  //如果年龄相等,再比较名称
	}
	
}
package map;

import java.util.TreeMap;

import bean.Student;

public class Demo4_TreeMap {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		TreeMap<Student, String> tm = new TreeMap<>();
		tm.put(new Student("张三",23), "北京");
		tm.put(new Student("李四",18), "上海");
		tm.put(new Student("王五",31), "广州");
		tm.put(new Student("赵六",43), "深圳");
		tm.put(new Student("张三",22), "深圳");
		
		System.out.println(tm);
	}

}

运行结果,确实是按照年龄从小到大排序:

{Student [name=李四, age=18]=上海, Student [name=张三, age=22]=深圳, Student [name=张三, age=23]=北京, Student [name=王五, age=31]=广州, Student [name=赵六, age=43]=深圳}

      当然,在TreeMap的时候,可以传入一个比较器来实现排序,下面这个比较器是,按照名称的unicode码表排序。

package map;

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.TreeMap;

import bean.Student;

public class Demo4_TreeMap {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		TreeMap<Student, String> tm = new TreeMap<>(new Comparator<Student>() {

			@Override
			public int compare(Student s1, Student s2) {
				int num = s1.getName().compareTo(s2.getName());
				return num == 0? s1.getAge() - s2.getAge() : num;
			}
			
		});
		tm.put(new Student("张三",23), "北京");
		tm.put(new Student("李四",18), "上海");
		tm.put(new Student("王五",31), "广州");
		tm.put(new Student("赵六",43), "深圳");
		tm.put(new Student("张三",22), "深圳");
		
		System.out.println(tm);
	}

}

运行结果:

{Student [name=张三, age=22]=深圳, Student [name=张三, age=23]=北京, Student [name=李四, age=18]=上海, Student [name=王五, age=31]=广州, Student [name=赵六, age=43]=深圳}