现今的IDE尽管有如“洪水猛兽”般强大,但要知道再强大的IDE也没法提供给使用者想要的一切功能,
所以IDE一般都提供有API接口供开发者自行扩展。下面以Intellij IDEA 12下的插件开发为例,来看一下如何进一步增强IDE以适应开发者的需求。
1.创建Plugin工程
如果Module SDK中没有可选的SDK,那么点击New新添加一个SDK,目录就选择Intellij的安装位置即可。
创建出的Plugin项目结构很简单,只是在META-INF下多了一个plugin.xml配置文件,后文会介绍到它的用处。
2.让插件Say哈喽
2.1添加Component
在src目录上Alt+Insert,可以看到New对话框中列出有三种组件,分别对应三种级别:Application、Project、Module Component。
这里我们选择Application Component作为实例,在弹出框中输入一个名字例如MyComponent,这样一个组件就创建出来了。
然后在MyComponent中添加一个SayHello的方法,其他方法暂不实现,源代码如下所示:
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package com.cdai.plugin.rapidg;
import com.intellij.openapi.components.ApplicationComponent;
import com.intellij.openapi.ui.Messages;
import org.jetbrains.annotations.NotNull;
/**
* My Component
* User: cdai
* Date: 13-11-4
* Time: 上午10:08
*/
public class MyComponent implements ApplicationComponent {
public MyComponent() {
}
public void initComponent() {
// TODO: insert component initialization logic here
}
public void disposeComponent() {
// TODO: insert component disposal logic here
}
@NotNull
public String getComponentName() {
return "MyComponent" ;
}
public void sayHello() {
// Show dialog with message
Messages.showMessageDialog(
"Hello World!" ,
"Sample" ,
Messages.getInformationIcon()
);
}
}
|
2.2添加Action
现在需要添加一个Action让使用我们插件的用户可以通过菜单或其他方式点击到插件。
Action主要工作是创建一个Application和MyComponent对象,代码如下:
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package com.cdai.plugin.rapidg;
import com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.AnAction;
import com.intellij.openapi.actionSystem.AnActionEvent;
import com.intellij.openapi.application.Application;
import com.intellij.openapi.application.ApplicationManager;
/**
* Say Hello Action
* User: cdai
* Date: 13-11-4
* Time: 上午10:16
*/
public class SayHelloAction extends AnAction {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(AnActionEvent e) {
Application application = ApplicationManager.getApplication();
MyComponent myComponent = application.getComponent(MyComponent. class );
myComponent.sayHello();
}
}
|
2.3配置文件
其实前面两步新建Component和Action的同时,IDEA在帮我们自动将它们注册到META-INF/plugin.xml中。
我们刚才添加的Application Component和Action会在<application-components>结点下,plugin.xml最终是下面的样子:
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< idea-plugin version = "2" >
< id >com.cdai.plugin.rapidg</ id >
< name >CDai's Rapid Generator Plugin</ name >
< version >1.0</ version >
< description > <![CDATA[
Enter short description for your plugin here.<br>
<small>most HTML tags may be used</small>
]]> </ description >
< change-notes > <![CDATA[
Add change notes here.<br>
<small>most HTML tags may be used</small>
]]>
</ change-notes >
<!-- please see http://confluence.jetbrains.net/display/IDEADEV/Build+Number+Ranges for description -->
< idea-version since-build = "107.105" />
<!-- please see http://confluence.jetbrains.net/display/IDEADEV/Plugin+Compatibility+with+IntelliJ+Platform+Products
on how to target different products -->
<!-- uncomment to enable plugin in all products
<depends>com.intellij.modules.lang</depends>
-->
< application-components >
<!-- Add your application components here -->
< component >
< implementation-class >com.cdai.plugin.rapidg.MyComponent</ implementation-class >
</ component >
</ application-components >
< project-components >
<!-- Add your project components here -->
</ project-components >
< actions >
<!-- Add your actions here -->
< action id = "SayHello" class = "com.cdai.plugin.rapidg.SayHelloAction" text = "Say Hello!" >
< add-to-group group-id = "WindowMenu" anchor = "first" />
</ action >
</ actions >
< extensions defaultExtensionNs = "com.intellij" >
<!-- Add your extensions here -->
</ extensions >
</ idea-plugin >
|
3.运行调试
打开Run/Debug配置对话框,新加一个Plugin类型的,Use classpath of module选择刚才的示例项目。
运行起来就会发现,原来会启动一个新的Intellij IDEA实例,重新走一遍启动配置过程,可以看到插件的名字就是plugin.xml中<name>中的值。
我们可以只选中我们刚开发的插件,忽略掉其他的。现在通过Window->Say Hello!就可以触发我们的插件了,效果就是会弹出个对话框。
有趣的是,plugin.xml中其他的一些描述会在插件崩溃时显示给用户,将问题报告给插件作者。
4.插件配置面板
很多插件都是在Settings中有配置页的,现在简单介绍一下如何为我们的插件添加一个配置页。
首先改造一下MyComponent类,主要变化就是多实现了一个Configurable接口。这个接口中有一个createComponent方法,
这个方法返回Swing的JComponent对象就会显示到Settings里。另外使用IDEA提供的Swing Designer设计器还是挺方便的,
自动生成的样式和布局代码为了避免被修改,也不会被我们看到(与NetBeans不同),所以最终代码很简洁。
最终效果就是这样的了,我们在设计器里设计的面板嵌入到了右边。
5.带对话框的插件
一种常见的插件就是点击插件对应的菜单项后,弹出一个对话框(例如搜索工作空间里的类、提交SVN前的代码确认等等)。
其实很简单,实现方法就是先创建一个Dialog,然后在Swing设计器中设计好Dialog中的控件布局,最后在Action中显示出对话框。
具体代码就不列举了,有需求可以找我索取。
参考资料
We have tried to answer some of these questions in the new demo: GoogleSearch
Plugin for IntelliJ IDEA. This demo explains the basics of plugin writing and publishing.
More experienced plugin developers can find answers in these two articles:
1. The
Basics of Plugin Development for IntelliJ IDEA by Alexey Efimov (for beginners)
2. Developing
Custom Language Plugins for IntelliJ IDEA 5.0 by Dmitry Jemerov (for more advanced developers)
Also IntelliJ IDEA tries to ease the plugin development by providing specific code generation, completion, etc. Just look what was done for 5.0
and 5.1 releases for Open
API & Plugins.
Plugin for IntelliJ IDEA. This demo explains the basics of plugin writing and publishing.
More experienced plugin developers can find answers in these two articles:
1. The
Basics of Plugin Development for IntelliJ IDEA by Alexey Efimov (for beginners)
2. Developing
Custom Language Plugins for IntelliJ IDEA 5.0 by Dmitry Jemerov (for more advanced developers)
Also IntelliJ IDEA tries to ease the plugin development by providing specific code generation, completion, etc. Just look what was done for 5.0
and 5.1 releases for Open
API & Plugins.