分析volatile关键字可以从这三个方面分析,什么是程序的原子性,什么是程序的可见性,什么是程序的有序性
什么是程序的原子性
以下语句那些是原子操作?
public class ThreadCounter implements Runnable {
private int count = 0;
@Override
public void run() {
++count;
// count++;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadCounter thread = new ThreadCounter();
for(int i = 0; i< 10000; i++){
new Thread(thread).start();
}
Thread.sleep(1000);//确保线程执行完
System.out.println(thread.count);
}
}
演示结果:语句一和二是非原子操作,语句三和四是原子操作
执行指令:javap -s -c ThreadCounter
run方法的指令码(count++):
count++这行代码分成了4个指令来执行,在多线程的情况下会不一致。
解决方法:
public class ThreadCounter implements Runnable {
private int count = 0;
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (this) {
++count;
// count++;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ThreadCounter thread = new ThreadCounter();
for(int i = 0; i< 10000; i++){
new Thread(thread).start();
}
Thread.sleep(1000);//确保线程执行完
System.out.println(thread.count);
}
}
什么是程序的可见性?
public class VolatileExample {
boolean v =false;
private void write(){
v =true;
}
private void read(){
while(!v){
}
System.out.println("程序结束!");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final VolatileExample example = new VolatileExample();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(()->{example.read();});
thread1.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(()->{example.write();});
thread2.start();
}
}
演示结果:
程序没有结束,read方法中的v没有因write方法的修改而退出循环!
解决方法:为变量v添加volatile关键字
public class VolatileExample {
volatile boolean v =false;
private void write(){
v =true;
}
private void read(){
while(!v){
}
System.out.println("程序结束!");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
final VolatileExample example = new VolatileExample();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(()->{example.read();});
thread1.start();
Thread.sleep(1000);
Thread thread2 = new Thread(()->{example.write();});
thread2.start();
}
}
什么是程序的有序性?
Volatile应用场景
1. 状态标记量
public class ThreadTest {
private volatile boolean isContinue = false;
private class HandleThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
while (isContinue) {
// do something
}
};
}
}
2. double check
总结:
volatile在可见性和有序性可以起到作用,但是不能保证原子性,是一种弱同步。
synchronized可以保证原子性,可见性,一致性,是一种强同步。