Java 浅拷贝,深拷贝

时间:2024-09-24 13:04:32

     从Java 强引用。软引用,弱引用http://blog.****.net/jltxgcy/article/details/35558465一文中,我们看到把一个对象赋值给另一个对象,本质上是添加了引用计数。可是它们都指向相同的堆内存。它们是一个对象。假设我们想要一个独立的对象。改怎么办呢?答案是clone。

 

1、浅拷贝

     浅拷贝是指拷贝对象时只拷贝对象本身(包括对象中的基本变量),而不拷贝对象包括的引用指向的对象。

      ShallowCopy.java

class Professor0 implements Cloneable {
String name;
int age; Professor0(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
} public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
return super.clone();
}
} class Student0 implements Cloneable {
String name;// 常量对象。
int age;
Professor0 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。 Student0(String name, int age, Professor0 p) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.p = p;
} public Object clone() {
Student0 o = null;
try {
o = (Student0) super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
} return o;
}
} public class ShallowCopy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Professor0 p = new Professor0("wangwu", 50);
Student0 s1 = new Student0("zhangsan", 18, p);
Student0 s2 = (Student0) s1.clone();
s2.p.name = "lisi";
s2.p.age = 30;
s2.name = "z";
s2.age = 45;
System.out.println("学生s1的姓名:" + s1.name + "\n学生s1教授的姓名:" + s1.p.name + "," + "\n学生s1教授的年纪" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授
}
}

      结果:

Java 浅拷贝,深拷贝

     s2.p改变了s1.p的内容。而s2.name和s2.age没有改变s1.name和s1.age的内容。

2、深拷贝

     深拷贝不仅拷贝对象本身。并且拷贝对象包括的引用指向的全部对象。

class Professor implements Cloneable {
String name;
int age; Professor(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
} public Object clone() {
Object o = null;
try {
o = super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
return o;
}
} class Student implements Cloneable {
String name;
int age;
Professor p; Student(String name, int age, Professor p) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.p = p;
} public Object clone() {
Student o = null;
try {
o = (Student) super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
System.out.println(e.toString());
}
o.p = (Professor) p.clone();
return o;
}
} public class DeepCopy {
public static void main(String args[]) {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
Professor p = new Professor("wangwu", 50);
Student s1 = new Student("zhangsan", 18, p);
Student s2 = (Student) s1.clone();
s2.p.name = "lisi";
s2.p.age = 30;
System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age);// 学生1的教授不改变。
long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(t2-t1);//耗时
}
}

     结果:

Java 浅拷贝,深拷贝

     s2.p不能改变s1.p的内容。

由于是不同对象。

3、当然我们另一种深拷贝方法。就是将对象串行化:

     可是串行化却非常耗时,在一些框架中,我们便能够感受到,它们往往将对象进行串行化后进行传递。耗时较多。

     DeepCopy2.java

import java.io.*;
//Serialization is time-consuming
class Professor2 implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
String name;
int age; Professor2(String name, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
}
} class Student2 implements Serializable {
/**
*
*/
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
String name;// 常量对象。 int age;
Professor2 p;// 学生1和学生2的引用值都是一样的。 Student2(String name, int age, Professor2 p) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.p = p;
} public Object deepClone() throws IOException, OptionalDataException,
ClassNotFoundException {
// 将对象写到流里
ByteArrayOutputStream bo = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oo = new ObjectOutputStream(bo);
oo.writeObject(this);
// 从流里读出来
ByteArrayInputStream bi = new ByteArrayInputStream(bo.toByteArray());
ObjectInputStream oi = new ObjectInputStream(bi);
return (oi.readObject());
} } public class DeepCopy2 { /**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws OptionalDataException,
IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
Professor2 p = new Professor2("wangwu", 50);
Student2 s1 = new Student2("zhangsan", 18, p);
Student2 s2 = (Student2) s1.deepClone();
s2.p.name = "lisi";
s2.p.age = 30;
System.out.println("name=" + s1.p.name + "," + "age=" + s1.p.age); // 学生1的教授不改变。 long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println(t2-t1);//耗时
} }

      结果:

Java 浅拷贝,深拷贝

     s2.p不能改变s1.p的内容。

由于是不同对象。

     从图中也能看出将对象进行串行化后进行传递,耗时较多。