【微服务架构】springcloud微服务架构搭建

时间：2021-06-24 15:04:52

要会用，首先要了解。图懒得画，借鉴网上大牛的图吧，springcloud组建架构如图：

【微服务架构】springcloud微服务架构搭建【微服务架构】springcloud微服务架构搭建【微服务架构】springcloud微服务架构搭建

微服务架构的应用场景：

1、系统拆分，多个子系统

2、每个子系统可部署多个应用，应用之间负载均衡实现

3、需要一个服务注册中心，所有的服务都在注册中心注册，负载均衡也是通过在注册中心注册的服务来使用一定策略来实现。

4、所有的客户端都通过同一个网关地址访问后台的服务，通过路由配置，网关来判断一个URL请求由哪个服务处理。请求转发到服务上的时候也使用负载均衡。

5、服务之间有时候也需要相互访问。例如有一个用户模块，其他服务在处理一些业务的时候，要获取用户服务的用户数据。

6、需要一个断路器，及时处理服务调用时的超时和错误，防止由于其中一个服务的问题而导致整体系统的瘫痪。

7、还需要一个监控功能，监控每个服务调用花费的时间等。

Spring Cloud的优势

  • 产出于spring大家族，spring在企业级开发框架中无人能敌，来头很大，可以保证后续的更新、完善。比如dubbo现在就差不多死了
  • 有spring Boot 这个独立干将可以省很多事，大大小小的活spring boot都搞的挺不错。
  • 作为一个微服务治理的大家伙，考虑的很全面，几乎服务治理的方方面面都考虑到了，方便开发开箱即用。
  • Spring Cloud 活跃度很高，教程很丰富，遇到问题很容易找到解决方案
  • 轻轻松松几行代码就完成了熔断、均衡负责、服务中心的各种平台功能
废话少说，看代码：

项目架构：

【微服务架构】springcloud微服务架构搭建

一、discovery服务注册发现

①、pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>com.gt</groupId>
		<artifactId>popuserver</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	</parent>


	<artifactId>discovery</artifactId>
	<name>discovery</name>
	<url>http://www.popumusic</url>

	<properties>
		<start-class>com.wisely.discovery.DiscoveryApplication</start-class>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>


</project>

②、DiscoveryApplication 

package com.wisely.discovery;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer //1
public class DiscoveryApplication {

	  public static void main(String[] args) {
	        SpringApplication.run(DiscoveryApplication.class, args);
	    }

}

③、application.yml 

server:
  port: 8761

endpoints:
  shutdown:
    enabled: true
    sensitive: false
eureka:
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true  #启用IP方式
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1 
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false #指向其他注册中心地址
    fetch-registry: false
    service-url:
      defualtZone: http://127.0.0.1:8762/eureka/

二、monitor监控服务

①、pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>com.gt</groupId>
		<artifactId>popuserver</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.poputar</groupId>
	<artifactId>popumonitor</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>popumonitor</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.2.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-turbine</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>3.8.1</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
				<artifactId>docker-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<imageName>${project.name}:${project.version}</imageName>
					<dockerDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/docker</dockerDirectory>
					<skipDockerBuild>false</skipDockerBuild>
					<resources>
						<resource>
							<directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
							<include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
						</resource>
					</resources>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>

②、PopumonitorApplication 

package com.poputar;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.hystrix.dashboard.EnableHystrixDashboard;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.turbine.EnableTurbine;

/**
 * 监控服务
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableHystrixDashboard
@EnableTurbine
public class PopumonitorApplication 
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        SpringApplication.run(PopumonitorApplication.class, args);
    }
}

③、application.yml 

server:
  port: 8989


④、bootstrap.yml 

spring:
  application:
    name: monitor

eureka:
  instance:
    nonSecurePort: ${server.port:8989}
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.host:localhost}:${eureka.port:8761}/eureka/


三、配置服务

①、pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>com.gt</groupId>
		<artifactId>popuserver</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.poputar</groupId>
	<artifactId>popuconfig</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>popuconfig</name>
	<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
	</properties>
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-config-server</artifactId>
			<version>1.2.2.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
			<version>1.1.7.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>3.8.1</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
				<artifactId>docker-maven-plugin</artifactId>
				<configuration>
					<imageName>${project.name}:${project.version}</imageName>
					<dockerDirectory>${project.basedir}/src/main/docker</dockerDirectory>
					<skipDockerBuild>false</skipDockerBuild>
					<resources>
						<resource>
							<directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
							<include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
						</resource>
					</resources>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>
	</build>
</project>


②、PopuconfigApplication

package org.popuconfig;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.config.server.EnableConfigServer;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

/**
 * 配置服务
 *
 */
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableConfigServer
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PopuconfigApplication
{
    public static void main( String[] args )
    {
        SpringApplication.run(PopuconfigApplication.class, args);
    }
}

③、application.yml 配置文件放本地，读者可以自己研究下放在git服务上 

spring:
  cloud:
    config:
      server:
        native:
          search-locations: classpath:/config

server:
  port: 8762

④、bootstrap.yml 

spring:
  application:
    name: config #1
  profiles:
    active: native #2 

eureka:
  instance:
    non-secure-port: ${server.port:8762} #3
    metadata-map:
      instanceId: ${spring.application.name}
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.host:localhost}:${eureka.port:8761}/eureka/ #5


⑤、src/main/resources/config下放应用所需的配置文件，命名方式跟appname相同，切记此处的命名是有规范的

【微服务架构】springcloud微服务架构搭建

【微服务架构】springcloud微服务架构搭建

四、用户服务

①、pom.xml 需要引入外部jar包时，我已做注释，如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>com.gt</groupId>
		<artifactId>popuserver</artifactId>
		<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	</parent>
	<artifactId>popuman</artifactId>
	<name>popuman</name>
	<url>http://www.popumusic</url>

	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>aliyun-java-sdk-dysmsapit</groupId>
			<artifactId>aliyun-java-sdk-dysmsapi</artifactId>
			<version>1.0.0</version>
			<scope>system</scope>
			<systemPath>${project.basedir}/lib/aliyun-java-sdk-dysmsapi-1.0.0.jar</systemPath>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>aliyun-java-sdk-core</groupId>
			<artifactId>aliyun-java-sdk-core</artifactId>
			<version>3.3.1</version>
			<scope>system</scope>
			<systemPath>${project.basedir}/lib/aliyun-java-sdk-core-3.3.1.jar</systemPath>
		</dependency>

	</dependencies>

	<build>
		<plugins>
			<plugin>
				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
			</plugin>
		</plugins>

		<!-- 将外部包打入jar docker部署时需要打开，否则报错，找不到jar -->
		<!-- <resources>
			<resource>
				<directory>lib</directory>
				<targetPath>BOOT-INF/lib/</targetPath>
				<includes>
					<include>**/*.jar</include>
				</includes>
			</resource>
			<resource>
				<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
				<targetPath>BOOT-INF/classes/</targetPath>
			</resource>
		</resources> -->
	</build>
</project>

②、PopumanApplication 增加了国际化配置 

package com.gt;

import javax.validation.Validator;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource;
import org.springframework.validation.beanvalidation.LocalValidatorFactoryBean;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
public class PopumanApplication {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		SpringApplication.run(PopumanApplication.class, args);
	}

	public ResourceBundleMessageSource getMessageSource() throws Exception {  
        ResourceBundleMessageSource rbms = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();  
        rbms.setDefaultEncoding("UTF-8");  
        rbms.setBasenames("i18n/ValidationMessages");  
        return rbms;  
    }  

    @Bean  
    public Validator getValidator() throws Exception {  
        LocalValidatorFactoryBean validator = new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();  
        validator.setValidationMessageSource(getMessageSource());  
        return validator;  
    }
}

③、LocaleConfig 拦截器 
package com.gt;import java.util.Locale;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;import org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor;import org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.SessionLocaleResolver;@Configuration@EnableAutoConfiguration@ComponentScan	public class LocaleConfig extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {	@Bean    public LocaleResolver localeResolver() {        SessionLocaleResolver slr = new SessionLocaleResolver();        // 默认语言        slr.setDefaultLocale(Locale.US);        return slr;    }    @Bean    public LocaleChangeInterceptor localeChangeInterceptor() {        LocaleChangeInterceptor lci = new LocaleChangeInterceptor();        // 参数名        lci.setParamName("lang");        return lci;    }        @Override    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {        registry.addInterceptor(localeChangeInterceptor());    }	}

④、MessageManager 读取国际化文件内容

package com.gt;

import java.util.Locale;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.i18n.LocaleContextHolder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component  
public class MessageManager {  

    private static MessageSource messageSource;   

    public static String getMsg(String key) {  
        Locale locale = LocaleContextHolder.getLocale();  
        return messageSource.getMessage(key, null, locale);  
    }  

    public static String getMsg(String key, String... arg) {  
        Locale locale = LocaleContextHolder.getLocale();  
        Object[] args = new Object[arg.length];  
        for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {  
            args[i] = arg[i];  
        }  
        return messageSource.getMessage(key, args, locale);  
    }  

    @Autowired(required = true)  
    public void setMessageSource(MessageSource messageSource) {  
        MessageManager.messageSource = messageSource;  
    }  
}
【微服务架构】springcloud微服务架构搭建

⑤、application.yml

debug: true
server:
  port: 8781

⑥、bootstrap.yml docker环境下部署时需要指定ip，否则找不到配置服务，读取不了配置中心的相关配置 

spring:
  application:
    name: popuman
  cloud:
    config:
      enabled: true
      discovery:  #配置服务发现，获取配置信息 配置文件命名要按照springcloud config配置文件命名规则命名
        enabled: true
        service-id: config
eureka:
  instance:
    appname: popuman 
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.host:localhost}:${eureka.port:8761}/eureka/       

#docker环境下需指定ip才能访问   
#eureka:
#  instance:
#    appname: popuman       
#    prefer-ip-address: true  #启用IP方式
#    ip-address: 192.168.*.**
#  client:
#   service-url:
#      defaultZone: http://192.168.*.**:8761/eureka/

⑦、logback.xml 日志分级别输出到文件，dubug，error级别日志输出到各自的日志文件 

<configuration>    
    <!-- %m输出的信息,%p日志级别,%t线程名,%d日期,%c类的全名,,,, -->    
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">    
        <encoder>    
            <pattern>%d %p (%file:%line\)- %m%n</pattern>  
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>   
        </encoder>    
    </appender>    
    <appender name="popuman"    
        class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">      
        <File>/Users/david/Documents/Poputar/logs/popuman.log</File>    
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">    
            <fileNamePattern>/Users/david/Documents/Poputar/logs/popuman.%d.%i</fileNamePattern>    
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy  class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">    
                <!-- or whenever the file size reaches 64 MB -->    
                <maxFileSize>64 MB</maxFileSize>    
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>    
        </rollingPolicy>    
        <encoder>    
            <pattern>    
                %d %p (%file:%line\)- %m%n  
            </pattern>    
            <charset>UTF-8</charset> <!-- 此处设置字符集 -->   
        </encoder> 
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"> <!-- 过滤错误日志 -->
		    <level>ERROR</level>  
		    <onMatch>DENY</onMatch>  
		    <onMismatch>ACCEPT</onMismatch>  
		</filter>   
    </appender>    
    <appender name="popuman_err"    
        class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">    
        <File>/Users/david/Documents/Poputar/logs/popuman_err.log</File>    
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">    
            <fileNamePattern>/Users/david/Documents/Poputar/logs/popuman_err.%d.%i</fileNamePattern>    
            <timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy  class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">    
                <!-- or whenever the file size reaches 64 MB -->    
                <maxFileSize>64 MB</maxFileSize>    
            </timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>    
        </rollingPolicy>    
        <encoder>    
            <pattern>    
                %d %p (%file:%line\)- %m%n  
            </pattern>    
            <charset>UTF-8</charset> <!-- 此处设置字符集 -->   
        </encoder>
		<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter"><!-- 只打印错误日志 -->
			<level>ERROR</level>
			<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
			<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
		</filter>     
    </appender>    
    <root level="info">    
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />    
    </root>
    <!-- 输出日志 -->
    <logger name="com.gt" level="DEBUG">    
        <appender-ref ref="popuman" />    
        <appender-ref ref="popuman_err" />    
    </logger>    
</configuration>

五、popumusic项目代码就不贴了，同popuman项目类似。

部署到docker时，切记端口映射好，否则调不通。

六、应用之间服务的调用是通过springcloud的FeignClient调用，这种调用方式同样也是基于http协议，好处是不用我们再去封装httpclient手写post，get请求，通过调用方法的方式就可以调用其他服务接口

本架构采用springboot推荐的JPA方式来处理数据层，缓存采用redis，如果您要问，redis挂掉怎么办？那就要考虑redis的分布式，主从等，这里不做赘述。

spriingcloud是近两年新兴的微服务技术，目前我也是在学习中，如有觉得我写的有不对的地方，还请批评指正，共同交流，学习一门新技术是枯燥的，难免走很多弯路，但是当你突破难关时，那样的轻松是何等畅快！在这里也感谢CSDN上大牛的技术文章分享，有分享才会有进步。希望本文对学习springcloud的同学有所帮助。


推荐几篇springcloud总结比较全的博客，也是本文项目搭建过程借鉴的技术文章

方志鹏大牛博客地址：http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/category/6830968/1

司青博客：http://blog.csdn.net/neosmith/article/details/52449921

http://blog.csdn.net/f1576813783/article/details/76805195


方志鹏http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/category/68















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