在实际环境中,keepalive常常与lvs,nginx,haproxy,Mysql等等应用组成高可用计算集群服务,比如web前端应用等等场景,今天一起来讲讲关于keepalive+lvs实例部署
Keepalive+Lvs(lvs/dr模式)实例部署
如图所示为整体的拓扑图:
一.部署前说明:
(1)系统版本: centos 6.6(64位)
(2)角色及ip相关信息:
角色名称 | 网络ip信息 |
客户端(CIP) | 192.168.0.242/24 |
Lvs_Master_DR | eth0:172.51.96.105/24 && eth1:192.168.0.105/24 |
Lvs_Backup_DR | eth0:172.51.96.119/24 && eth1:192.168.0.119/24 |
RS_RIP1 | eth0:172.51.96.235/24 && eth1:192.168.0.235/24 |
RS_RIP2 | eth0:172.51.96.236/24 && eth1:192.168.0.236/24 |
LVS_VIP | 192.168.0.88/32 |
(3)相关中间件信息
keepalive版本信息: keepalived-1.2.15
httpd版本信息: httpd-2.2 (提供http服务)
ipvsadm版本信息: ipvsadm-1.2.1
二.部署操作:
负载均衡器上配置操作
(1)分别在Lvs_Master_DR和Lvs_backup_DR上安装Keepalive,ipvsadm所需要的相关依赖包:
# yum install openssl-devel popt-devel libnl-devel kernel-devel -y
(2)分别在Lvs_Master_DR和Lvs_backup_DR上安装Keepalive以及ipvsadm,如下:
1. 安装ipvsadm软件
# yum install ipvsadm -y
2. 编译安装keepalive
1.1 keepalived的源码获取
keepalived源码包我们可以到keepalived的官网:http://www.keepalived.org/去下载,相关说明文档亦可在其官网查看,比如keepalived的使用,相关配置说明,这里演示的版本为:1.2.15
# cd ~
# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz
1.2 编译安装keepalived
<--编译安装keepalived-->
# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.18.1.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
# tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.15.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
# cd /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.15/
# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/keepalived \
--with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-573.18.1.el6.x86_64
# make make install
<--对keepalived进行相关路径优化调整-->
<---拷贝keepalived相关启动命令--->
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
<---将keepalived启动脚本添加到系统服务--->
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
# chkconfig --add keepalived
# chkconfig --level 2345 keepalived on
<---创建keepalived相关配置文件--->
# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived
备注说明:
1.keepalived安装完成后,相关路径如下:
安装目录为:/usr/lccal/keepalived, 配置文件路径为:/etc/keepalive/
2.安装完成后,需要将启动脚本复制到/etc/ini.d/下
3.注意一定要执行述上的相关操作,不然有可能导致keepalived服务起不来
1.3 启动keepalived服务
# service keepalived start
(3)分别配置Lvs_Master_DR以及Lvs_Backup_DR上的keepalive实例,如下所示:
1. Lvs_master_dr配置代码示例(主调度器)
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
内容如下
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs { notification_email { admin@bluemobi.cn } notification_email_from lvs_admin@bluemobi.cn smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id DR_MASTER}vrrp_script check_nginx { script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/check_nginx.sh" interval 3 weight -5}############################################################################################# vrrp_script check_nginx { #表示创建一个脚本check_nginx script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/check_nginx.sh" #引用的脚本路径 interval 3 #表示检测时间的间隔为3s weight -5 #当脚本执行结果失败,则优先级降低5级}############################################################################################vrrp_instance http { state BACKUP interface eth0 lvs sync daemon interface eth0############################################################################################# lvs sync daemon interface eth0:类似HA心跳检测的端口############################################################################################ dont_track_primary nopreempt############################################################################################# nopreempt: 不抢占master############################################################################################ track_interface { eth0 eth1 }############################################################################################# track_interface { }:表示需要检测的网卡############################################################################################ mcast_src_ip 172.51.96.105############################################################################################# track_interface :表示设置组播的源地址############################################################################################ garp_master_delay 6 virtual_router_id 60 priority 110 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS autp_pass 1234 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.0.88/32 brd 192.168.0.88 dev eth0 label eth0:1 } virtual_routes { 192.168.0.88/32 dev eth1 } track_script { check_nginx weight } notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_master.sh notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_backup.sh notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_fault.sh}############################################################################################ # notify_master :表示当前调度器竞选为master server时需要调用的脚本# notify_backup :表示当前调度器竞选为backup server时需要调用的脚本# notify_fault :表示当前调度器竞选为出现问题时(比如网卡down)需要调用的脚本# notify_stop :表示当前调度器竞服务停止时(比如keepalive服务down)需要调用的脚本############################################################################################virtual_server 192.168.0.88 80 { delay_loop 1 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 30 nat_mask 255.255.255.0 protocol TCPreal_server 192.168.0.235 80 { weight 1 notify_down /etc/keepalived/scripts/rs_state.sh############################################################################################ notify_down: 表示如果后端rs server检测失败时要调用的脚本# notify_up : 表示如果后端rs server检测成功时要调用的脚本########################################################################################### HTTP_GET { url { path /info.php status_code 200 } connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } }real_server 192.168.0.236 80 { weight 1 notify_down /etc/keepalived/scripts/rs_state.sh HTTP_GET { url { path /info.php status_code 200 } connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } }}
2 Lvs_backup_dr配置示例(备调度器)
vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
内容如下
! Configuration File for keepalivedglobal_defs { notification_email { admin@bluemobi.cn } notification_email_from lvs_admin@bluemobi.cn smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id DR_BACKUP}vrrp_script check_nginx { script "/etc/keepalived/scripts/check_nginx.sh" interval 3 weight -5}vrrp_instance http { state BACKUP interface eth0 lvs sync daemon interface eth0 dont_track_primary nopreempt track_interface { eth0 eth1 } mcast_src_ip 172.51.96.119 garp_master_delay 6 virtual_router_id 60 priority 109 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS autp_pass 1234 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.0.88/32 brd 192.168.0.88 dev eth0 label eth0:1 } virtual_routes { 192.168.0.88/32 dev eth1 } track_script { check_nginx } notify_master /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_master.sh notify_backup /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_backup.sh notify_fault /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_fault.sh} virtual_server 192.168.0.88 80 { delay_loop 1 lb_algo rr lb_kind DR persistence_timeout 30 nat_mask 255.255.255.0 protocol TCPreal_server 192.168.0.235 80 { weight 1 notify_down /etc/keepalived/scripts/rs_state.sh HTTP_GET { url { path /info.php status_code 200 } connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } }real_server 192.168.0.236 80 { weight 1 notify_down /etc/keepalived/scripts/rs_state.sh HTTP_GET { url { path /info.php status_code 200 } connect_timeout 3 nb_get_retry 3 delay_before_retry 3 } }
3.分别在主调度server和备调度server编写以下脚本,如下:
i 当调度器为切换master server时,记录切换时间日志
vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_master.sh
代码如下:
#!/bin/bashecho -e >> $LOGFILEhost=CN-SH-DR01 #设置当前的主机名LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-state.log"echo "[Master]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILEecho "The ${host} Starting to become master server...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1echo "Please run the “ipvsadm -Ln” check the keepalived state ..." >> $LOGFILEecho ".........................................................................!">> $LOGFILEecho >>$LOGFILE
ii 当调度器为切换backup server时,记录切换时间日志
vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_backup.sh
代码如下:
#!/bin/bashecho -e >> $LOGFILEhost=CN-SH-DR01 #设置当前的主机名LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-state.log"echo "[Backup]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILEecho "The ${host} Starting to become Backup server...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1echo "Please run the “ipvsadm -Ln” check the state ..." >> $LOGFILEecho "........................................................................!">> $LOGFILEecho >> $LOGFILE
iii 当调度器出现错误时,记录错误时间日志
vim /etc/keepalived/scripts/state_fault.sh
代码如下:
#!/bin/bashecho -e >> $LOGFILEhost=CN-SH-DR01 #设置当前的主机名LOGFILE="/var/log/keepalived-state.log"echo "[fault errot ]" >> $LOGFILEdate >> $LOGFILEecho "The ${host} is fault error...." >> $LOGFILE 2>&1echo "Please check the server state ..." >> $LOGFILEecho "........................................................................!">> $LOGFILEecho >> $LOGFILE
服务状态健康监测脚本
,比如nginx和keepalive在同一台server上,当nginx不可用时,
#!/bin/bash#nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"PID=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l`if [ "${PID}" = "0" ]; then /etc/init.d/nginx start sleep 3 LOCK=`ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l` if [ "${LOCK}" = "0" ]; then /etc/init.d/keepalived restart fifi
1.3 重新启动keepalived服务
# service keepalived restart
后端RS server上配置操作
(1)分别在每个RIP(RIP1,RIP2)上新建一个shell脚本文件,如下操作所示:
# vim /etc/init.d/lvs-dr
脚本内容如下
#!/bin/sh## Startup script handle the initialisation of LVS# chkconfig: - 28 72# description: Initialise the Linux Virtual Server for DR#### BEGIN INIT INFO# Provides: ipvsadm# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named# Required-Stop: $local_fs $remote_fs $network# Short-Description: Initialise the Linux Virtual Server# Description: The Linux Virtual Server is a highly scalable and highly# available server built on a cluster of real servers, with the load# balancer running on Linux.# description: start LVS of DR-RIPLOCK=/var/lock/ipvsadm.lockVIP=192.168.0.88. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functionsstart() { PID=`ifconfig | grep lo:0 | wc -l` if [ $PID -ne 0 ]; then echo "The LVS-DR-RIP Server is already running !" else /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $VIP netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast $VIP up /sbin/route add -host $VIP dev lo:0 echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth1/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth1/arp_announce echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce /bin/touch $LOCK echo "starting LVS-DR-RIP server is ok !" fi}stop() { /sbin/route del -host $VIP dev lo:0 /sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down >/dev/null echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth1/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth1/arp_announce echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce rm -rf $LOCK echo "stopping LVS-DR-RIP server is ok !"}status() { if [ -e $LOCK ]; then echo "The LVS-DR-RIP Server is already running !" else echo "The LVS-DR-RIP Server is not running !" fi}case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; status) status ;; *) echo "Usage: $1 {start|stop|restart|status}" exit 1esacexit 0
注意:关于arp仰制,最好也把RIP上同DIR直连的网卡物理网卡也设置arp仰制,如上eth1所示。
授权并启动该脚本
# chmod 777 /etc/init.d/lvs-dr
# service lvd-dr start
(2)分别在每个RIP上安装http服务,并创建测试页,如下分别为RIP上测试页面:
RIP1(192.168.0.235)上的测试页:
RIP2(192.168.0.236)上的测试页:
三.测试验证:
我们可以通过messages查看vip抢夺情况,如下所示:
从上面我们可以看到cn-sh-sq-web01由于优先级为110>cn-sh-sq-web02的优先级(109),顺利竞选成为master,这里我们可以在cn-sh-sq-web01上可以观察到vip的存在,如下图所示:
同时日志记录脚本也会记录相关信息:
[root@master-dr ~]# tail -f /var/log/keepalived-state.log [Backup]Wed Mar 9 21:56:25 CST 2016The CN-SH-DR01 Starting to become Backup server....Please run the “ipvsadm -Ln” check the state ..................................................................................![Master]Wed Mar 9 21:56:28 CST 2016The CN-SH-DR01 Starting to become master server....Please run the “ipvsadm -Ln” check the keepalived state ..................................................................................!
这时我们在CIP*问http://vip,可以看到后端两台rs sever页面轮询出现如下所示:
我们在maste-dr运行“ipvsadm -Ln -c”可以看到连接情况,:
假如此时master-dr出故障,如网卡down,如下:
通过“tail -f /var/log/keepalived-state.log”可以查看故障日志记录:
[root@master-dr ~]# tail -f /var/log/keepalived-state.log The CN-SH-DR01 Starting to become master server....Please run the “ipvsadm -Ln” check the keepalived state ..................................................................................![fault errot ]Wed Mar 9 22:11:48 CST 2016The CN-SH-DR01 is fault error....Please check the server state ..................................................................................!
我们发现vip转移到backup-dr上,此时我们再在客户端*问,发现依然可以访问,如下:
back-dr访问连接情况:
客户端访问情况:
到这里,整个keepalived+lvs实例部署就完成了
总结:keepalived+lvs实例部署有三种模式:nat模式(最简单)dr模式(应用最广泛)tun模式(适用跨区域,跨机房),这里只是dr模式,更多模式部署请参考lvs应用篇,如下:
本文出自 “菜鸟的成长记” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://blief.blog.51cto.com/6170059/1748403