浅谈SpringCloud实现简单的微服务架构

时间：2022-11-27 10:20:09

spring cloud是一系列框架的有序集合。它利用spring boot的开发便利性巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发，如服务发现注册、配置中心、消息总线、负载均衡、断路器、数据监控等，都可以用spring boot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。spring并没有重复制造*，它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟、经得起实际考验的服务框架组合起来，通过spring boot风格进行再封装屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理，最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂、易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包。

接下来我们就使用springcloud实现一套简单的微服务架构。

以下所有代码都已开源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice

eureka(服务注册与发现)

首先引入相关的依赖包

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<parent>
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid>
    <version>1.5.9.release</version>
    <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>
 
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding>
    <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>
 
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
  <dependencymanagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid>
        <version>dalston.rc1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencymanagement>
 
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
 
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>spring-milestones</id>
      <name>spring milestones</name>
      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

配置application.yml

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server:
 port: 8761
eureka:
 instance:
  hostname: localhost
 client:
  registerwitheureka: false
  fetchregistry: false
  serviceurl:
   defaultzone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

创建启动类application

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@enableeurekaserver
@springbootapplication
public class application {
 
  public static void main(string[] args) {
    springapplication.run(application.class, args);
  }
}

运行main方法，浏览器访问：http://localhost:8761，我们就能在浏览器看到如下界面：

浅谈SpringCloud实现简单的微服务架构

说明eureka启动成功。

接下来，我们实现负债均衡、断路器、网关、客户端，所有的服务都应该注册到eureka中，并且访问eureka就能看到所有注册的服务

client(客户端)

pom.xml

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<parent>
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid>
    <version>1.5.9.release</version>
    <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>
 
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding>
    <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>
 
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
  <dependencymanagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid>
        <version>dalston.rc1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencymanagement>
 
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
 
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>spring-milestones</id>
      <name>spring milestones</name>
      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

application.yml

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eureka:
 client:
  serviceurl:
   defaultzone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/ #这里注册到eureka中
server:
 port: 8763
spring:
 application:
  name: service-hi

application类

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@springbootapplication
@enableeurekaclient
@restcontroller
public class application {
 
  public static void main(string[] args) {
    springapplication.run(applicatioin.class, args);
  }
 
  @value("${server.port}")
  string port;
  //这里我们提供一个接口
  @requestmapping("/hi")
  public string home(@requestparam string name) {
    return "hi "+name+",i am from port:" +port;
  }
}

feign(负债均衡、断路器)

pom.xml

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<parent>
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid>
    <version>1.5.9.release</version>
    <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>
 
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding>
    <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>
 
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
  <dependencymanagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid>
        <version>dalston.rc1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencymanagement>
 
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
 
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>spring-milestones</id>
      <name>spring milestones</name>
      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>
  </repositories>

application.yml

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eureka:
 client:
  serviceurl:
   defaultzone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
 port: 8765
spring:
 application:
  name: service-feign
feign:
 hystrix:
  enabled: true

application类

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@springbootapplication
@enablediscoveryclient
@enablefeignclients
@enablehystrixdashboard
public class application {
 
  public static void main(string[] args) {
    springapplication.run(application.class, args);
  }
}

然后再提供一个service，他的作用就是做负债均衡和断路器功能

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@feignclient(value = "service-hi",fallback = schedualservicehihystric.class)
public interface schedualservicehi {
  @requestmapping(value = "/hi",method = requestmethod.get)
  string sayhifromclientone(@requestparam(value = "name") string name);
}
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@component
public class schedualservicehihystric implements schedualservicehi {
  @override
  public string sayhifromclientone(string name) {
    return "sorry "+name;
  }
}

feignclient我们指定之前创建client时指定的name:service-hi,fallback指定服务不可用时的返回数据，这样我们启动多个client时就可以看到http请求时会交替访问不同的feign端口，当停掉clien时再访问接口会返回错误信息。

zuul(服务网关)

在一般情况下，我们不会直接暴露客户端给外部，而是通过服务网关来转发，内部服务都是在局域网内通信，外部访问不了，通过服务网关，我们还可以统一做接口的安全性校验，统一拦截，请看代码：

pom.xml

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<parent>
    <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
    <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactid>
    <version>1.5.9.release</version>
    <relativepath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>
 
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceencoding>utf-8</project.build.sourceencoding>
    <project.reporting.outputencoding>utf-8</project.reporting.outputencoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
  </properties>
 
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactid>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
      <artifactid>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactid>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 
  <dependencymanagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupid>org.springframework.cloud</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactid>
        <version>dalston.rc1</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencymanagement>
 
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupid>org.springframework.boot</groupid>
        <artifactid>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactid>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
 
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <id>spring-milestones</id>
      <name>spring milestones</name>
      <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
    </repository>

application.yml

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eureka:
 client:
  serviceurl:
   defaultzone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
 port: 8080
spring:
 application:
  name: service-zuul
zuul:
 routes:
  api-b:
   path: /api/**
   serviceid: service-feign #凡是以api开始的请求都访问service-feign服务

application类

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@enablezuulproxy
@enableeurekaclient
@springbootapplication
public class application {
 
  public static void main(string[] args) {
    springapplication.run(application.class, args);
  }
}

启动application，访问：http://localhost:8080/api/hi，就能访问到之前我们定义的接口，接下来我们做接口的拦截：

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/**
 * filtertype：返回一个字符串代表过滤器的类型，在zuul中定义了四种不同生命周期的过滤器类型，具体如下：
 pre：路由之前
 routing：路由之时
 post： 路由之后
 error：发送错误调用
 filterorder：过滤的顺序
 shouldfilter：这里可以写逻辑判断，是否要过滤，本文true,永远过滤。
 run：过滤器的具体逻辑。可用很复杂，包括查sql，nosql去判断该请求到底有没有权限访问。
 */
@component
public class myfilter extends zuulfilter{
 
  private static logger log = loggerfactory.getlogger(myfilter.class);
  @override
  public string filtertype() {
    return "pre";
  }
 
  @override
  public int filterorder() {
    return 0;
  }
 
  @override
  public boolean shouldfilter() {
    return true;
  }
 
  @override
  public object run() {
    requestcontext ctx = requestcontext.getcurrentcontext();
    httpservletrequest request = ctx.getrequest();
    log.info(string.format("%s >>> %s", request.getmethod(), request.getrequesturl().tostring()));
    object accesstoken = request.getparameter("token");
    if(accesstoken == null) {
      log.warn("token is empty");
      ctx.setsendzuulresponse(false);
      ctx.setresponsestatuscode(401);
      try {
        ctx.getresponse().getwriter().write("token is empty");
      }catch (exception e){}
 
      return null;
    }
    log.info("ok");
    return null;
  }
}

这样我们在调用接口前会先执行myfilter类中的run方法，在这个方法里可以做一系列安全验证，比如token。

好了，一个简单的微服务架构就已经搭建完成了。

以上所有代码都已开源到github上了，地址：https://github.com/lynnlovemin/softservice

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的springcloud实现简单的微服务架构，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复

原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/lynnlovemin/article/details/79019680

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