从今天开始研究jdk基础类库的源码，从中学习优秀的设计思想，提高自己的能力。至于怎么查看源码，这里不多说，网上很多教程，直接上干货儿，欢迎大家提出宝贵意见，共同学习，一起进步。（这里我研究的是jdk1.7）
String源码分析
一 、String类
在java.lang包中，此类被final修饰，表示String的对象是不可变量。String类实现了Serizlizable，Comparable, CharSequence接口。
Serizlizable接口没有任何方法和域，仅用于标识序列化的语意，实现此接口的类是可序列化的，是java提供的通用数据保存和读取的接口。
Comparable接口只有一个compareTo(T o)方法。 
CharSequence接口有length(),charAt(int index),subSequence(int start,int end)，toString()方法。
二、String属性
String类中包含一个不可变的char数组用来存放字符串，一个int型用来存放计算后的哈希值。 
三、String类常用方法
package jdk;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Stringstr {
//使用字符数组存放字符串
private final char value[];
//存放哈希值
private int hash;
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6849794470754667710L;
//不含参数的构造函数
public String() {
this.value = new char[0];
}
//String类型参数
public String(String original) {
this.value = original.value;
this.hash = original.hash;
}
//参数类型是char类型数组，使用的是Arrays类复制
public String(char value[]) {
this.value = Arrays.copyOf(value, value.length);
}
//从位置offset开始复制count个字符
public String(char value[], int offset, int count) {
if (offset < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
}
if (count < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
}
// Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
if (offset > value.length - count) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
}
this.value = Arrays.copyOfRange(value, offset, offset+count);
}
//构建一个子字符集
public String(int[] codePoints, int offset, int count) {
if (offset < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
}
if (count < 0) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(count);
}
// Note: offset or count might be near -1>>>1.
if (offset > codePoints.length - count) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + count);
}
final int end = offset + count;
// Pass 1: Compute precise size of char[]
int n = count;
for (int i = offset; i < end; i++) {
int c = codePoints[i];
if (Character.isBmpCodePoint(c))
continue;
else if (Character.isValidCodePoint(c))
n++;
else throw new IllegalArgumentException(Integer.toString(c));
}
// Pass 2: Allocate and fill in char[]
final char[] v = new char[n];
for (int i = offset, j = 0; i < end; i++, j++) {
int c = codePoints[i];
if (Character.isBmpCodePoint(c))
v[j] = (char)c;
else
Character.toSurrogates(c, v, j++);
}
this.value = v;
}
//检查字节数组是否越界
private static void checkBounds(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) {
if (length < 0)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(length);
if (offset < 0)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset);
if (offset > bytes.length - length)
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(offset + length);
}
//StringBuffer类型转为String使用同步关键字，线程安全
public String(StringBuffer buffer) {
synchronized(buffer) {
this.value = Arrays.copyOf(buffer.getValue(), buffer.length());
}
}
//StringBuilder类型转为String
public String(StringBuilder builder) {
this.value = Arrays.copyOf(builder.getValue(), builder.length());
}
//返回字符串长度
public int length() {
return value.length;
}
//判断是否为空
public boolean isEmpty() {
return value.length == 0;
}
//字符串存储使用字符数组，使用索引返回char值
public char charAt(int index) {
if ((index < 0) || (index >= value.length)) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
return value[index];
}
//返回指定索引处的字符,unicode字符
public int codePointAt(int index) {
if ((index < 0) || (index >= value.length)) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
return Character.codePointAtImpl(value, index, value.length);
}
//返回指定索引之前的字符
public int codePointBefore(int index) {
int i = index - 1;
if ((i < 0) || (i >= value.length)) {
throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(index);
}
return Character.codePointBeforeImpl(value, index, 0);
}
//返回指定处的unicode代码数
public int codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {
if (beginIndex < 0 || endIndex > value.length || beginIndex > endIndex) {
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();
}
return Character.codePointCountImpl(value, beginIndex, endIndex - beginIndex);
}
//和一个对象比较
public boolean equals(Object anObject) {
if (this == anObject) {
return true;
}
if (anObject instanceof String) {
String anotherString = (String) anObject;
int n = value.length;
if (n == anotherString.value.length) {
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int i = 0;
while (n-- != 0) {
if (v1[i] != v2[i])
return false;
i++;
}
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//两个字符串相互比较
public int compareTo(String anotherString) {
int len1 = value.length;
int len2 = anotherString.value.length;
int lim = Math.min(len1, len2);
char v1[] = value;
char v2[] = anotherString.value;
int k = 0;
while (k < lim) {
char c1 = v1[k];
char c2 = v2[k];
if (c1 != c2) {
return c1 - c2;
}
k++;
}
return len1 - len2;
}
//哈希码计算
public int hashCode() {
int h = hash;
if (h == 0 && value.length > 0) {
char val[] = value;
for (int i = 0; i < value.length; i++) {
h = 31 * h + val[i];
}
hash = h;
}
return h;
}
//从指定索引开始是否是指定字符串
public boolean startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) {
char ta[] = value;
int to = toffset;
char pa[] = prefix.value;
int po = 0;
int pc = prefix.value.length;
// Note: toffset might be near -1>>>1.
if ((toffset < 0) || (toffset > value.length - pc)) {
return false;
}
while (--pc >= 0) {
if (ta[to++] != pa[po++]) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
//连接字符串
public String concat(String str) {
int otherLen = str.length();
if (otherLen == 0) {
return this;
}
int len = value.length;
char buf[] = Arrays.copyOf(value, len + otherLen);
str.getChars(buf, len);
return new String(buf, true);
}
//替换字符
public String replace(char oldChar, char newChar) {
if (oldChar != newChar) {
int len = value.length;
int i = -1;
char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */
while (++i < len) {
if (val[i] == oldChar) {
break;
}
}
if (i < len) {
char buf[] = new char[len];
for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
buf[j] = val[j];
}
while (i < len) {
char c = val[i];
buf[i] = (c == oldChar) ? newChar : c;
i++;
}
return new String(buf, true);
}
}
return this;
}
//去掉空格
public String trim() {
int len = value.length;
int st = 0;
char[] val = value; /* avoid getfield opcode */
while ((st < len) && (val[st] <= ' ')) {
st++;
}
while ((st < len) && (val[len - 1] <= ' ')) {
len--;
}
return ((st > 0) || (len < value.length)) ? substring(st, len) : this;
}
}
总结：在这里我主要是拿出了常用的几个方法，实际上String源码中有更多的方法，有兴趣的朋友可以自己看看。以前自己使用String调用这些方法的时候并没有考虑过怎么个实现，现在看完这些之后，发现底层包含了很多的算法和数据结构在其中，收获很大。