Win32窗口框架
WindowClass
单例,负责窗口初始化注册和取消注册;
负责提供静态方法;
放在Window类内部,方便初始化时,wndProc(HandleMsgSetup)
的赋值;
class WindowClass
{
public:
static const char* GetName() noexcept;
static HINSTANCE GetInstance() noexcept;
private:
WindowClass() noexcept; //初始化窗口,创建窗口结构体
~WindowClass();
WindowClass(const WindowClass&) = delete; //单例,禁用拷贝构造和同类赋值
WindowClass& operator=(const WindowClass&) = delete;
static constexpr const char* wndClassName = "Direct3D Engine Window";
static WindowClass wndClass;
HINSTANCE hInst;
};
Window
1.构造方法
初始化客户区大小和Title;
根据客户区大小计算窗口大小做适应;
注册设备用于捕获消息;
2.析构方法
销毁窗口;
3.回调流程
关键WinApi介绍:
wndProc
必须是静态函数,然后我们窗口类中的消息处理函数时类成员函数,成员函数有个隐藏的参数this指针,所以不可以直接传参给窗口结构体,这里做了一些巧妙的回调;
WM_NCCREATE
: 当首次创建窗口时,在 WM_CREATE
消息之前发送;
Param
: 指向CREATESTRUCT
结构的指针; CREATESTRUCT
的成员与 CreateWindowEx
函数的参数相同;
CREATESTRUCT
中 lpCreateParams
:
包含可用于创建窗口的附加数据;如果由于调用CreateWindow
或CreateWindowEx
函数而创建窗口,则该成员包含函数调用中指定的lpParam
参数的值;
而我们调用CreateWindowEx
时,lpParam
参数填写的正是this指针,也就是window*;
SetWindowLongPtr
: 更改窗口属性;
GetWindowLongPtr
: 获取窗口属性;
GWLP_WNDPROC
: 更改WinProc
的函数指针地址;
GWLP_USERDATA
: 和窗口相关的自定义数据;
执行流程:
1.创建窗口后,消息机制调用HandleMsgSetup
;
2.HandleMsgSetup
通过lParam
参数获得CREATESTRUCTW
结构体指针;
3.通过CREATESTRUCTW
结构体指针获得Window*
指针,也就是当前窗口的实例指针;
4.Window*
通过SetWindowLongPtr
自定义用户数据设置给当前窗口句柄hWnd
;
5.更改WndProc
指向HandleMsgThunk
;
6.通过Window*
指针调用一次成员函数HandleMsg
;
以后每一帧消息机制只会调用HandleMsgThunk
:
7.HandleMsgThunk
中通过GetWindowLongPtr
获取当前窗口的用户自定义数据GWLP_USERDATA
,也就是前面设置的Window*
;
8.通过Window*
调用成员函数HandleMsg
;
9.HandleMsg
中对不同消息拦截处理;
完整代码:
//window.h
class Window
{
private:
// 单例窗口类
class WindowClass
{
public:
static const char* GetName() noexcept;
static HINSTANCE GetInstance() noexcept;
private:
WindowClass() noexcept;
~WindowClass();
WindowClass(const WindowClass&) = delete;
WindowClass& operator=(const WindowClass&) = delete;
static constexpr const char* wndClassName = "Direct3D Engine Window";
static WindowClass wndClass;
HINSTANCE hInst;
};
public:
Window(int width, int height, const char* name);
~Window();
Window(const Window&) = delete;
Window& operator=(const Window&) = delete;
private:
static LRESULT CALLBACK HandleMsgSetup(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) noexcept;
static LRESULT CALLBACK HandleMsgThunk(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) noexcept;
LRESULT HandleMsg(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) noexcept;
private:
int width;
int height;
HWND hWnd;
};
//window.cpp
Window::WindowClass Window::WindowClass::wndClass;
Window::WindowClass::WindowClass() noexcept
:
hInst(GetModuleHandle(nullptr)) //返回本进程句柄
{
WNDCLASSEX wc = { 0 };
wc.cbSize = sizeof(wc);
wc.style = CS_OWNDC;
wc.lpfnWndProc = HandleMsgSetup;
wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
wc.hInstance = GetInstance();
wc.hIcon = nullptr;
wc.hCursor = nullptr;
wc.hbrBackground = nullptr;
wc.lpszMenuName = nullptr;
wc.lpszClassName = GetName();
wc.hIconSm = nullptr;
RegisterClassEx(&wc);
}
Window::WindowClass::~WindowClass()
{
UnregisterClass(wndClassName, GetInstance());
}
const char* Window::WindowClass::GetName() noexcept
{
return wndClassName;
}
HINSTANCE Window::WindowClass::GetInstance() noexcept
{
return wndClass.hInst;
}
Window::Window(int width, int height, const char* name)
:
width(width),
height(height)
{
RECT wr;
wr.left = 100;
wr.right = width + wr.left;
wr.top = 100;
wr.bottom = height + wr.top;
AdjustWindowRect(&wr, WS_CAPTION | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_SYSMENU, FALSE);
hWnd = CreateWindow(
WindowClass::GetName(), name,
WS_CAPTION | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_SYSMENU,
CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, wr.right - wr.left, wr.bottom - wr.top,
nullptr, nullptr, WindowClass::GetInstance(), this
);
ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOWDEFAULT);
}
Window::~Window()
{
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
}
LRESULT CALLBACK Window::HandleMsgSetup(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) noexcept
{
if (msg == WM_NCCREATE)
{
const CREATESTRUCTW* const pCreate = reinterpret_cast<CREATESTRUCTW*>(lParam);
Window* const pWnd = static_cast<Window*>(pCreate->lpCreateParams);
SetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(pWnd));
SetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(&Window::HandleMsgThunk));
return pWnd->HandleMsg(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
LRESULT CALLBACK Window::HandleMsgThunk(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) noexcept
{
Window* const pWnd = reinterpret_cast<Window*>(GetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA));
return pWnd->HandleMsg(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}
LRESULT Window::HandleMsg(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) noexcept
{
switch (msg)
{
case WM_CLOSE:
PostQuitMessage(0);
return 0;
}
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
}