一、整体代码
Subject.java
public interface Subject {
public void registerObserver(Observer o);
public void removeObserver(Observer o);
public void notifyObservers();
}
Observer.java
public interface Observer {
public void update(float temp, float humidity, float pressure);
}
DisplayElement.java
public interface DisplayElement {
public void display();
}
WeatherData.java
import java.util.*; public class WeatherData implements Subject {
private ArrayList observers;
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private float pressure; public WeatherData() {
observers = new ArrayList();
} public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
observers.add(o);
} public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
int i = observers.indexOf(o);
if (i >= 0) {
observers.remove(i);
}
} public void notifyObservers() {
for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
Observer observer = (Observer)observers.get(i);
observer.update(temperature, humidity, pressure);//面向接口编程
}
} public void measurementsChanged() {
notifyObservers();
} public void setMeasurements(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
this.temperature = temperature;
this.humidity = humidity;
this.pressure = pressure;
measurementsChanged();
} public float getTemperature() {
return temperature;
} public float getHumidity() {
return humidity;
} public float getPressure() {
return pressure;
}
}
CurrentConditionsDisplay.java
public class CurrentConditionsDisplay implements Observer, DisplayElement {
private float temperature;
private float humidity;
private Subject weatherData;//多用组合,少用继承 public CurrentConditionsDisplay(Subject weatherData) {
this.weatherData = weatherData;
weatherData.registerObserver(this);//面向接口编程
} public void update(float temperature, float humidity, float pressure) {
this.temperature = temperature;
this.humidity = humidity;
display();
} public void display() {
System.out.println("Current conditions: " + temperature
+ "F degrees and " + humidity + "% humidity");
}
}
WeatherStation.java
import java.util.*; public class WeatherStation { public static void main(String[] args) {
WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData(); CurrentConditionsDisplay currentDisplay =
new CurrentConditionsDisplay(weatherData); weatherData.setMeasurements(80, 65, 30.4f);
}
}
二、解释
1、什么时候用到观察者模式
当观察者需要时时知道主题数据变化时,采用观察者模式。
2、OO原则
交互对象的松耦合做准备:(观察者改变,主题不用变)
任何时候我们都可以增加新的观察者。因为主题唯一依赖的东西是一个实现Observer接口的对象列表,所以我们可以随时增加观察者。事实上,在运行时我们可以用新的观察者取代现有的观察者,主题不会受到任何影响。同样的,也可以在任何你能够找到时候删除某些观察者。
有新类型的观察者出现时,主题的代码不需要修改。假如我们有个新的具体类需要当观察者,我们不需要为了兼容新类型而修改主题的代码,所有要做的就是在新的类里
实现此观察者接口,然后注册为观察者即可。主题不在乎别的,它只会发送通知给所有实现了观察者接口的对象。