1. __construct()和__destruct()
在实例被 创建/销毁 的时候被调用,都可以传递0个或多个参数。
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class A
{
function A()
{
echo "build A" ;
}
function __destruct()
{
echo "destroy A" ;
}
}
$obj = new A();
//unset($obj);
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Note:The destructor method will be called as soon as there are no other references to a particular object, or in any order during the shutdown sequence.
关于构造函数,PHP5.3.3开始,一个定义在某个特定的命名空间里的class中以类名命名的方法将不再被认为是构造函数。在无命名空间的类中与原来一样依旧是构造函数。如:
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namespace Foo;
class Bar {
public function Bar() {
// treated as constructor in PHP 5.3.0-5.3.2
// treated as regular method as of PHP 5.3.3
}
}
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如果没有namespace Foo; 那么Bar()还将被当作构造函数。另外,如果存在下面的情况:
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function __construct()
{
echo "construct A" ;
}
function A()
{
echo "build A" ;
}
function __destruct()
{
echo "destroy A" ;
}
}
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即既包含__construct()又包含与类名同名的函数,那么将只调用__construct()。
2. __call()和__callStatic()
当尝试调用一个不存在的方法时调用该方法。两个参数,一个是方法名,一个是被调用方法的参数数组。
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class MethodTest
{
public function __call( $name , $arguments )
{
// Note: value of $name is case sensitive.
echo "Calling object method '$name' "
. implode( ' ' , $arguments ). "<br>" ;
}
public static function __callStatic( $name , $arguments )
{
// Note: value of $name is case sensitive.
echo "Calling static method '$name' "
. implode( ' ' , $arguments ). "<br>" ;
}
}
$obj = new MethodTest;
$obj ->runTest( 'in' , 'object' , 'context' );
MethodTest::runTest( 'in' , 'static' , 'context' );
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其中,$arguments作为一个array传入。运行结果:
Calling object method 'runTest' in object context
Calling static method 'runTest' in static context
还要注意函数的作用域protected和private:
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class TestMagicCallMethod {
public function foo()
{
echo __METHOD__ .PHP_EOL. "<br>" ;
}
public function __call( $method , $args )
{
echo __METHOD__ .PHP_EOL. "<br>" ;
if (method_exists( $this , $method ))
{
$this -> $method ();
}
}
protected function bar()
{
echo __METHOD__ .PHP_EOL. "<br>" ;
}
private function baz()
{
echo __METHOD__ .PHP_EOL. "<br>" ;
}
}
$test = new TestMagicCallMethod();
$test ->foo();
/**
* Outputs:
* TestMagicCallMethod::foo
*/
$test ->bar();
/**
* Outputs:
* TestMagicCallMethod::__call
* TestMagicCallMethod::bar
*/
$test ->baz();
/**
* Outputs:
* TestMagicCallMethod::__call
* TestMagicCallMethod::baz
*/
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3.__get()和__set()
当试图读取一个对象并不存在的属性的时候被调用。
Note:我们可以用这个函数实现类似java中反射的各种操作。
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class Test
{
public function __get( $key )
{
echo $key . " not exists" ;
}
public function __set( $key , $value )
{
echo $key . " = " . $value ;
}
}
$t = new Test();
echo $t ->name. "<br>" ;
$t ->name = "abc" ;
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输出:
name not exists
name = abc
4. __toString()
这个方法类似于java的toString()方法,当我们直接打印对象的时候回调用这个函数,函数必须返回一个string。
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class Test
{
private $name = "abc" ;
private $age = 12;
public function __toString()
{
return "name : $this->name, age : $this->age" ;
}
}
$t = new Test();
echo $t ;
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输出:
name : abc, age : 12