如何在Ruby中列出从类创建的所有对象？ [重复]

This question already has an answer here:

这个问题在这里已有答案：

How to find each instance of a class in Ruby 1 answer
如何在Ruby 1中找到每个类的实例答案

Is there any way in Ruby for a class to know how many instances of it exist and can it list them?

有没有办法在Ruby中让一个类知道它有多少个实例并且可以列出它们？

Here is a sample class:

这是一个示例类：

class Project

  attr_accessor :name, :tasks

  def initialize(options)
    @name = options[:name]
    @tasks = options[:tasks]
  end

  def self.all
    # return listing of project objects
  end

    def self.count
          # return a count of existing projects
    end


end

Now I create project objects of this class:

现在我创建这个类的项目对象：

options1 = {
  name: 'Building house',
  priority: 2,
  tasks: []
}

options2 = {
  name: 'Getting a loan from the Bank',
  priority: 3,
  tasks: []
}

@project1 = Project.new(options1)
@project2 = Project.new(options2)

What I would like is to have class methods like Project.all and Project.count to return a listing and count of current projects.

我想要的是让Project.all和Project.count等类方法返回当前项目的列表和计数。

How do I do this?

我该怎么做呢？

4 个解决方案

#1

You can use the ObjectSpace module to do this, specifically the each_object method.

您可以使用ObjectSpace模块执行此操作，特别是each_object方法。

ObjectSpace.each_object(Project).count

For completeness, here's how you would use that in your class (hat tip to sawa)

为了完整起见，这里是你如何在课堂上使用它（帽子提示sawa）

class Project
  # ...

  def self.all
    ObjectSpace.each_object(self).to_a
  end

  def self.count
    all.count
  end
end

#2

One way to do is to keep track of it as and when you create new instances.

一种方法是在创建新实例时跟踪它。

class Project

    @@count = 0
    @@instances = []

    def initialize(options)
           @@count += 1
           @@instances << self
    end

    def self.all
        @@instances.inspect
    end

    def self.count
        @@count
    end

end

If you want to use ObjectSpace, then its

如果你想使用ObjectSpace，那么它

def self.count
    ObjectSpace.each_object(self).count
end

def self.all
    ObjectSpace.each_object(self).to_a
end

#3

class Project
    def self.all; ObjectSpace.each_object(self).to_a end
    def self.count; all.length end
end

#4

Maybe this will work:

也许这会奏效：

class Project
  class << self; attr_accessor :instances; end

  attr_accessor :name, :tasks

  def initialize(options)
    @name = options[:name]
    @tasks = options[:tasks]

    self.class.instances ||= Array.new
    self.class.instances << self
  end

  def self.all
    # return listing of project objects
    instances ? instances.dup : []
  end

  def self.count
    # return a count of existing projects
    instances ? instances.count : 0 
  end

  def destroy
    self.class.instances.delete(self)
  end
end

But you will have to manually destroy these objects. Maybe other solution can be build based on ObjectSpace module.

但是你必须手动销毁这些对象。也许可以基于ObjectSpace模块构建其他解决方案。

#1