【From：】http://www.2cto.com/database/201311/255324.html
一、登录MySQL查看用SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘character%’;下字符集，显示如下：
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+
--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+
--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem |
binary
|
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+
--------------------------+----------------------------+
|
character_set_database和character_set_server的默认字符集还是latin1。
二、最简单的完美修改方法，修改mysql的 /etc/my.cnf 文件中的字符集键值（注意配置的字段细节）：
1、在[mysqld]字段里加入character-set-server=utf8，如下：
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
修改完成后，sudo systemctl restart mysqld重启mysql服务就生效。
使用SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘character%’;查看，发现
数据库编码全已改成utf8。
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+