【mysql】批量更新数据

时间：2022-09-21 16:51:12

概述

批量更新mysql数据表数据，上网搜索基本都会说4~5方法，本人使用的更新方式为：
INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE Syntax
可参见官方网站：insert-on-duplicate

功能：

  • 表示插入时，如果遇到了主键重复或唯一索引重复，则不执行插入操作，而是执行更新操作；

注意点：

  • 这种方式的批量更新，不是sql的规范，而是mysql特有的；
  • 只能针对唯一索引（UNIQUE index）和主键索引（RIMARY KEY）进行更新；
  • 对于自增主键，只会执行插入操作，不会进行更新；
  • 批量更新：values()方法很有用；

性能：

  • 对于数据量比较小的表，速度很快；
  • 对于数据量大的表，性能比较差，建议考虑其他方式；

如果使用Innodb引擎，则可以考虑如下方式（因为Innodb引擎支持事务）

START TRANSACTION;
UPDATE ...
UPDATE ...
UPDATE ...
UPDATE ...
COMMIT;

https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/28282/whats-the-most-efficient-way-to-batch-update-queries-in-mysql

values(col_name)介绍

values(col_name)：表示获取将要插入的列的值，注意是将要插入(would be inserted)；

原始表结构和数据

CREATE TABLE `capacity_pm` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '自增主键',
  `pool_id` char(36) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '资源池ID',
  `cluster_lv1` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '集群分类',
  `cluster_lv2` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '集群2级分类',
  `update_at` datetime DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP COMMENT '更新或创建时间',
  `templete_id` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL COMMENT '模板ID',
  `templete_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '模板名称',
  `templete_cpu_core` int(10) unsigned zerofill NOT NULL COMMENT '模板CPU核数',
  `templete_mem_size` double NOT NULL COMMENT '模板内存大小',
  `templete_disk_size` double NOT NULL COMMENT '模板磁盘大小',
  `host_total` int(11) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '主机总数',
  `host_used` int(11) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '主机已分配数量',
  `cpu_core_total` int(11) unsigned zerofill DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'cpu总核数',
  `cpu_core_free` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  `cpu_core_used` int(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'cpu已分配数量',
  `cpu_core_util` double DEFAULT NULL COMMENT 'cpu核数使用占比',
  `mem_total` double DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '内存总空间',
  `mem_free` double DEFAULT NULL,
  `mem_used` double DEFAULT NULL,
  `mem_util` double DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '内存使用占比',
  `disk_total` double DEFAULT NULL,
  `disk_free` double DEFAULT NULL,
  `disk_used` double DEFAULT NULL,
  `disk_util` double DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '磁盘使用占比',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `idx_templete_all` (`pool_id`,`templete_id`) USING BTREE COMMENT '模块ID做完整索引'
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=70 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin;


INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('1', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f', null, null, '2018-04-11 15:04:31', 't001', '数据库服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000000100', '00000000010', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('2', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f', null, null, '2018-04-11 15:04:31', 't002', '性能性服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000000200', '00000000020', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('3', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f', null, null, '2018-04-11 15:04:31', 't003', '计算型服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000000300', '00000000030', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('4', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f', null, null, '2018-04-11 15:04:31', 't004', '存储型服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000000400', '00000000040', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('5', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f', null, null, '2018-04-11 15:04:31', 't005', '网络型服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000000500', '00000000050', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('6', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e', null, null, '2018-04-11 15:04:31', 't001', '数据库服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000001000', '00000000100', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('7', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e', null, null, '2018-04-11 15:04:31', 't002', '性能性服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000002000', '00000000200', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('8', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e', null, null, '2018-04-11 15:04:31', 't003', '计算型服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000003000', '00000000300', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('9', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e', null, null, '2018-04-11 15:04:31', 't004', '存储型服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000004000', '00000000400', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('10', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e', null, null, '2018-04-11 15:04:31', 't005', '网络型服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000005000', '00000000500', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('12', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e', null, null, '2018-04-11 08:12:00', 't006', '自定义服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000006000', '00000000600', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('13', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e', null, null, '2018-04-11 08:12:36', 't007', 'xxx服务器', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000007000', '00000000700', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);
INSERT INTO `capacity_pm` VALUES ('14', '7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e', null, null, '2018-04-11 08:12:36', 't00x', '服务器xxx', '0000000000', '0', '0', '00000008000', '00000000800', null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null, null);

部分数据集查询如下：(该部分为重点测试的数据)

mysql> SELECT pool_id, templete_id, host_total, host_used from capacity_pm ;
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
| pool_id                          | templete_id | host_total | host_used |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f | t001        |        100 |        10 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f | t002        |        200 |        20 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f | t003        |        300 |        30 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f | t004        |        400 |        40 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f | t005        |        500 |        50 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t001        |       1000 |       100 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t002        |       2000 |       200 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t003        |       3000 |       300 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t004        |       4000 |       400 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t005        |       5000 |       500 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t006        |       6000 |       600 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t007        |       7000 |       700 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t00x        |       8000 |       800 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+

插入新数据-测试

  • 自增主键：上表中，主键是自增主键，所以该种批量更新方式对自增主键无效（因为自增主键只会insert数据，并不会update）；
  • 唯一索引：UNIQUE KEY idx_templete_all (pool_id,templete_id)

待插入的数据，和表中的初始数据有唯一索引重复，索引会执行update操作，而非insert操作；

插入语句为：（所有的host_used都有变化）

INSERT INTO `capacity_pm`(pool_id, templete_id, host_total, host_used) values
('7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f', 't001','100', '15'),
('7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f', 't002','200', '25'),
('7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f', 't003','300', '35'),
('7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f', 't004','400', '45'),
('7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f', 't005','500', '55') 
ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE host_total=VALUES(host_total), host_used=VALUES(host_used);

ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE host_total=VALUES(host_total), host_used=VALUES(host_used)

  • host_total=VALUES(host_total)： values(col_name)表示待插入的记录的值；
  • host_used=VALUES(host_used)：当需要更新多个col时，使用“,”分割；

插入结果: host_used都发生了变化

mysql> SELECT pool_id, templete_id, host_total, host_used from capacity_pm ;
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
| pool_id                          | templete_id | host_total | host_used |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f | t001        |        100 |        15 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f | t002        |        200 |        25 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f | t003        |        300 |        35 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f | t004        |        400 |        45 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638f | t005        |        500 |        55 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t001        |       1000 |       100 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t002        |       2000 |       200 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t003        |       3000 |       300 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t004        |       4000 |       400 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t005        |       5000 |       500 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t006        |       6000 |       600 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t007        |       7000 |       700 |
| 7b8f0f5e2fbb4d9aa2d5fd55466d638e | t00x        |       8000 |       800 |
+----------------------------------+-------------+------------+-----------+
13 rows in set

其他注意点

唯一索引：ALL唯一索引字段都不能为空，否则无法达到update操作；

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