一心想学习算法,很少去真正静下心来去研究,前几天趁着周末去了解了最短路径的资料,用python写了一个最短路径算法。算法是基于带权无向图去寻找两个点之间的最短路径,数据存储用邻接矩阵记录。首先画出一幅无向图如下,标出各个节点之间的权值。
其中对应索引:
A ——> 0
B——> 1
C——> 2
D——>3
E——> 4
F——> 5
G——> 6
邻接矩阵表示无向图:
算法思想是通过Dijkstra算法结合自身想法实现的。大致思路是:从起始点开始,搜索周围的路径,记录每个点到起始点的权值存到已标记权值节点字典A,将起始点存入已遍历列表B,然后再遍历已标记权值节点字典A,搜索节点周围的路径,如果周围节点存在于表B,比较累加权值,新权值小于已有权值则更新权值和来源节点,否则什么都不做;如果不存在与表B,则添加节点和权值和来源节点到表A,直到搜索到终点则结束。
这时最短路径存在于表A中,得到终点的权值和来源路径,向上递推到起始点,即可得到最短路径,下面是代码:
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# -*-coding:utf-8 -*-
class DijkstraExtendPath():
def __init__( self , node_map):
self .node_map = node_map
self .node_length = len (node_map)
self .used_node_list = []
self .collected_node_dict = {}
def __call__( self , from_node, to_node):
self .from_node = from_node
self .to_node = to_node
self ._init_dijkstra()
return self ._format_path()
def _init_dijkstra( self ):
self .used_node_list.append( self .from_node)
self .collected_node_dict[ self .from_node] = [ 0 , - 1 ]
for index1, node1 in enumerate ( self .node_map[ self .from_node]):
if node1:
self .collected_node_dict[index1] = [node1, self .from_node]
self ._foreach_dijkstra()
def _foreach_dijkstra( self ):
if len ( self .used_node_list) = = self .node_length - 1 :
return
for key, val in self .collected_node_dict.items(): # 遍历已有权值节点
if key not in self .used_node_list and key ! = to_node:
self .used_node_list.append(key)
else :
continue
for index1, node1 in enumerate ( self .node_map[key]): # 对节点进行遍历
# 如果节点在权值节点中并且权值大于新权值
if node1 and index1 in self .collected_node_dict and self .collected_node_dict[index1][ 0 ] > node1 + val[ 0 ]:
self .collected_node_dict[index1][ 0 ] = node1 + val[ 0 ] # 更新权值
self .collected_node_dict[index1][ 1 ] = key
elif node1 and index1 not in self .collected_node_dict:
self .collected_node_dict[index1] = [node1 + val[ 0 ], key]
self ._foreach_dijkstra()
def _format_path( self ):
node_list = []
temp_node = self .to_node
node_list.append((temp_node, self .collected_node_dict[temp_node][ 0 ]))
while self .collected_node_dict[temp_node][ 1 ] ! = - 1 :
temp_node = self .collected_node_dict[temp_node][ 1 ]
node_list.append((temp_node, self .collected_node_dict[temp_node][ 0 ]))
node_list.reverse()
return node_list
def set_node_map(node_map, node, node_list):
for x, y, val in node_list:
node_map[node.index(x)][node.index(y)] = node_map[node.index(y)][node.index(x)] = val
if __name__ = = "__main__" :
node = [ 'A' , 'B' , 'C' , 'D' , 'E' , 'F' , 'G' ]
node_list = [( 'A' , 'F' , 9 ), ( 'A' , 'B' , 10 ), ( 'A' , 'G' , 15 ), ( 'B' , 'F' , 2 ),
( 'G' , 'F' , 3 ), ( 'G' , 'E' , 12 ), ( 'G' , 'C' , 10 ), ( 'C' , 'E' , 1 ),
( 'E' , 'D' , 7 )]
node_map = [[ 0 for val in xrange ( len (node))] for val in xrange ( len (node))]
set_node_map(node_map, node, node_list)
# A -->; D
from_node = node.index( 'A' )
to_node = node.index( 'D' )
dijkstrapath = DijkstraPath(node_map)
path = dijkstrapath(from_node, to_node)
print path
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运行结果:
再来一例:
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<! - - lang: python - - >
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import itertools
import re
import math
def combination(lst): #全排序
lists = []
liter = itertools.permutations(lst)
for lts in list (liter):
lt = ''.join(lts)
lists.append(lt)
return lists
def coord(lst): #坐标输入
coordinates = dict ()
print u '请输入坐标:(格式为A:7 17)'
p = re. compile (r "\d+" )
for char in lst:
str = raw_input (char + ':' )
dot = p.findall( str )
coordinates[char] = [dot[ 0 ],dot[ 1 ]]
print coordinates
return coordinates
def repeat(lst): #删除重复组合
for ilist in lst:
for k in xrange ( len (ilist)):
st = (ilist[k:],ilist[:k])
strs = ''.join(st)
for jlist in lst:
if ( cmp (strs,jlist) = = 0 ):
lst.remove(jlist)
for k in xrange ( len (ilist)):
st = (ilist[k:],ilist[:k])
strs = ''.join(st)
for jlist in lst:
if ( cmp (strs[:: - 1 ],jlist) = = 0 ):
lst.remove(jlist)
lst.append(ilist)
print lst
return lst
def count(lst,coordinates): #计算各路径
way = dict ()
for str in lst:
str = str + str [: 1 ]
length = 0
for i in range ( len ( str ) - 1 ):
x = abs ( float (coordinates[ str [i]][ 0 ]) - float (coordinates[ str [i + 1 ]][ 0 ]) )
y = abs ( float (coordinates[ str [i] ][ 1 ]) - float (coordinates[ str [i + 1 ] ][ 1 ]) )
length + = math.sqrt(x * * 2 + y * * 2 )
way[ str [: len ( str ) - 1 ]] = length
return way
if __name__ = = "__main__" :
print u '请输入图节点:'
rlist = list ( raw_input ())
coordinates = coord(rlist)
list_directive = combination(rlist)
# print "有方向完全图所有路径为:",list_directive
# for it in list_directive:
# print it
print u '有方向完全图所有路径总数:' , len (list_directive), "\n"
#无方向完全图
list_directive = repeat(list_directive)
list_directive = repeat(list_directive)
# print "无方向完全图所有路径为:",list_directive
print u '无方向完全图所有路径为:'
for it in list_directive:
print it
print u '无方向完全图所有路径总数:' , len (list_directive)
ways = count(list_directive,coordinates)
print u '路径排序如下:'
for dstr in sorted (ways.iteritems(), key = lambda d:d[ 1 ], reverse = False ):
print dstr
raw_input ()
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