使用value属性和使用<property>标签的ref属性在你的bean配置文件中的对象引用,这两种情况下可以处理单值到一个bean,如果你想通过多元值,如Java Collection类型List, Set, Map 及 Properties。要处理这种情况,Spring提供了四种类型的如下集合的配置元素:
可以使用<list> 或<set> 来连接任何实现java.util.Collection或数组。
会遇到两种情况(a)将收集的直接的值及(b)传递一个bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。
例子:
我们使用Eclipse IDE,然后按照下面的步骤来创建一个Spring应用程序:
这里是JavaCollection.java文件的内容:
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package com.yiibai;
import java.util.*;
public class JavaCollection {
List addressList;
Set addressSet;
Map addressMap;
Properties addressProp;
// a setter method to set List
public void setAddressList(List addressList) {
this .addressList = addressList;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the list.
public List getAddressList() {
System.out.println( "List Elements :" + addressList);
return addressList;
}
// a setter method to set Set
public void setAddressSet(Set addressSet) {
this .addressSet = addressSet;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the Set.
public Set getAddressSet() {
System.out.println( "Set Elements :" + addressSet);
return addressSet;
}
// a setter method to set Map
public void setAddressMap(Map addressMap) {
this .addressMap = addressMap;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the Map.
public Map getAddressMap() {
System.out.println( "Map Elements :" + addressMap);
return addressMap;
}
// a setter method to set Property
public void setAddressProp(Properties addressProp) {
this .addressProp = addressProp;
}
// prints and returns all the elements of the Property.
public Properties getAddressProp() {
System.out.println( "Property Elements :" + addressProp);
return addressProp;
}
}
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以下是MainApp.java文件的内容:
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package com.yiibai;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MainApp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context =
new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "Beans.xml" );
JavaCollection jc=(JavaCollection)context.getBean( "javaCollection" );
jc.getAddressList();
jc.getAddressSet();
jc.getAddressMap();
jc.getAddressProp();
}
}
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以下是配置文件beans.xml文件里面有配置的集合的所有类型:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- Definition for javaCollection -->
< bean id = "javaCollection" class = "com.yiibai.JavaCollection" >
<!-- results in a setAddressList(java.util.List) call -->
< property name = "addressList" >
< list >
< value >INDIA</ value >
< value >Pakistan</ value >
< value >USA</ value >
< value >USA</ value >
</ list >
</ property >
<!-- results in a setAddressSet(java.util.Set) call -->
< property name = "addressSet" >
< set >
< value >INDIA</ value >
< value >Pakistan</ value >
< value >USA</ value >
< value >USA</ value >
</ set >
</ property >
<!-- results in a setAddressMap(java.util.Map) call -->
< property name = "addressMap" >
< map >
< entry key = "1" value = "INDIA" />
< entry key = "2" value = "Pakistan" />
< entry key = "3" value = "USA" />
< entry key = "4" value = "USA" />
</ map >
</ property >
<!-- results in a setAddressProp(java.util.Properties) call -->
< property name = "addressProp" >
< props >
< prop key = "one" >INDIA</ prop >
< prop key = "two" >Pakistan</ prop >
< prop key = "three" >USA</ prop >
< prop key = "four" >USA</ prop >
</ props >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
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创建源代码和bean配置文件完成后,让我们运行应用程序。如果应用程序一切顺利,这将打印以下信息:
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List Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA, USA]
Set Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA]
Map Elements :{1=INDIA, 2=Pakistan, 3=USA, 4=USA}
Property Elements :{two=Pakistan, one=INDIA, three=USA, four=USA}
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注入Bean引用:
下面bean定义将帮助您了解如何注入bean的引用作为集合的元素之一。甚至可以混合引用和值都在一起,如下图所示:
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- Bean Definition to handle references and values -->
< bean id = "..." class = "..." >
<!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.List -->
< property name = "addressList" >
< list >
< ref bean = "address1" />
< ref bean = "address2" />
< value >Pakistan</ value >
</ list >
</ property >
<!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Set -->
< property name = "addressSet" >
< set >
< ref bean = "address1" />
< ref bean = "address2" />
< value >Pakistan</ value >
</ set >
</ property >
<!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Map -->
< property name = "addressMap" >
< map >
< entry key = "one" value = "INDIA" />
< entry key = "two" value-ref = "address1" />
< entry key = "three" value-ref = "address2" />
</ map >
</ property >
</ bean >
</ beans >
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使用上面的bean定义,需要定义这样一种方式,他们应该能够处理的参考,以及setter方法。
注入null和空字符串的值
如果需要传递一个空字符串作为值,如下所示:
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<bean id= "..." class = "exampleBean" >
<property name= "email" value= "" />
</bean>
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前面的例子等同于Java代码: exampleBean.setEmail("")
如果需要传递一个null值,如下所示:
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<bean id= "..." class = "exampleBean" >
<property name= "email" >< null /></property>
</bean>
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前面的例子等同于Java代码:exampleBean.setEmail(null)