细粒度锁:
java中的几种锁:synchronized,ReentrantLock,ReentrantReadWriteLock已基本可以满足编程需求,但其粒度都太大,同一时刻只有一个线程能进入同步块,这对于某些高并发的场景并不适用。比如银行客户a向b转账,c向d转账,假如这两个线程并发,代码其实不需要同步。但是同时有线程3,e向b转账,那么对b而言必须加入同步。这时需要考虑锁的粒度问题,即细粒度锁。
网上搜寻了一些关于java细粒度锁的介绍文章,大部分是提供思路,比如乐观锁,String.intern()和类ConcurrentHashMap,本人对第三种比较感兴趣,为此研究了下ConcurrentHashMap的源码。基于ConcurrentHashMap设计细粒度大志思路如下:
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Map locks = new Map();
List lockKeys = new List();
for ( int number : 1 - 10000 ) {
Object lockKey = new Object();
lockKeys.add(lockKey);
locks.put(lockKey, new Object());
}
public void doSomeThing(String uid) {
Object lockKey = lockKeys.get(uid.hash() % lockKeys.size());
Object lock = locks.get(lockKey);
synchronized (lock) {
// do something
}
}
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具体实现如下:
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public class LockPool {
//用户map
private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Object> userMap= new ConcurrentHashMap<String,Object>();
//用户金额map
private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Integer> moneyMap= new ConcurrentHashMap<String,Integer>();
public static void main(String[] args) {
LockPool lockPool= new LockPool();
ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u2" ));
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u1" ));
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u1" ));
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u3" ));
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u2" ));
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u2" ));
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u3" ));
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u2" ));
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u2" ));
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u4" ));
service.execute(lockPool. new Boss( "u2" ));
service.shutdown();
}
class Boss implements Runnable{
private String userId;
Boss(String userId){
this .userId=userId;
}
@Override
public void run() {
addMoney(userId);
}
}
public static void addMoney(String userId){
Object obj=userMap.get(userId);
if (obj== null ){
obj= new Object();
userMap.put(userId,obj);
}
//obj是与具体某个用户绑定,这里应用了synchronized(obj)的小技巧,而不是同步当前整个对象
synchronized (obj) {
try {
System.out.println( "-------sleep4s--------" +userId);
Thread.sleep( 4000 );
System.out.println( "-------awake----------" +userId);
}
catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
if (moneyMap.get(userId)== null ){
moneyMap.put(userId, 1 );
} else {
moneyMap.put(userId, moneyMap.get(userId)+ 1 );
}
System.out.println(userId+ "-------moneny----------" +moneyMap.get(userId));
}
}
}
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测试结果:
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-------sleep4s--------u2
-------sleep4s--------u1
-------sleep4s--------u3
-------sleep4s--------u4
-------awake----------u2
-------awake----------u3
-------awake----------u1
u2-------moneny----------1
u1-------moneny----------1
-------sleep4s--------u1
u3-------moneny----------1
-------sleep4s--------u2
-------sleep4s--------u3
-------awake----------u4
u4-------moneny----------1
-------awake----------u1
u1-------moneny----------2
-------awake----------u3
u3-------moneny----------2
-------awake----------u2
u2-------moneny----------2
-------sleep4s--------u2
-------awake----------u2
u2-------moneny----------3
-------sleep4s--------u2
-------awake----------u2
u2-------moneny----------4
-------sleep4s--------u2
-------awake----------u2
u2-------moneny----------5
-------sleep4s--------u2
-------awake----------u2
u2-------moneny----------6
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测试结果来看,只有相同userId的线程才会互斥,同步等待;不同userId的线程没有同步
总结
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原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/xilijava/p/4569333.html