java基于ConcurrentHashMap设计细粒度实现代码

时间:2022-06-24 21:22:33

细粒度锁:

       java中的几种锁:synchronized,ReentrantLock,ReentrantReadWriteLock已基本可以满足编程需求,但其粒度都太大,同一时刻只有一个线程能进入同步块,这对于某些高并发的场景并不适用。比如银行客户a向b转账,c向d转账,假如这两个线程并发,代码其实不需要同步。但是同时有线程3,e向b转账,那么对b而言必须加入同步。这时需要考虑锁的粒度问题,即细粒度锁。

    网上搜寻了一些关于java细粒度锁的介绍文章,大部分是提供思路,比如乐观锁,String.intern()和类ConcurrentHashMap,本人对第三种比较感兴趣,为此研究了下ConcurrentHashMap的源码。基于ConcurrentHashMap设计细粒度大志思路如下

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Map locks = new Map();
 List lockKeys = new List();
for (int number : 1 - 10000) {
    Object lockKey = new Object();
    lockKeys.add(lockKey);
    locks.put(lockKey, new Object());
}
public void doSomeThing(String uid) {
    Object lockKey = lockKeys.get(uid.hash() % lockKeys.size());
    Object lock = locks.get(lockKey);
    synchronized(lock) {
        // do something
    }
}

具体实现如下:

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public class LockPool {
    //用户map
    private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Object> userMap=new ConcurrentHashMap<String,Object>();
    //用户金额map
    private static ConcurrentHashMap<String,Integer> moneyMap=new ConcurrentHashMap<String,Integer>();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        LockPool lockPool=new LockPool();
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u2"));
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u1"));
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u1"));
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u3"));
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u2"));
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u2"));
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u3"));
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u2"));
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u2"));
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u4"));
        service.execute(lockPool.new Boss("u2"));
        service.shutdown();
    }
    class Boss implements Runnable{
        private String userId;
        Boss(String userId){
            this.userId=userId;
        }
        @Override
            public void run() {
            addMoney(userId);
        }
    }
    public static void addMoney(String userId){
        Object obj=userMap.get(userId);
        if(obj==null){
            obj=new Object();
            userMap.put(userId,obj);
        }
        //obj是与具体某个用户绑定,这里应用了synchronized(obj)的小技巧,而不是同步当前整个对象
        synchronized (obj) {
            try {
                System.out.println("-------sleep4s--------"+userId);
                Thread.sleep(4000);
                System.out.println("-------awake----------"+userId);
            }
            catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if(moneyMap.get(userId)==null){
                moneyMap.put(userId,1);
            } else{
                moneyMap.put(userId, moneyMap.get(userId)+1);
            }
            System.out.println(userId+"-------moneny----------"+moneyMap.get(userId));
        }
    }
}

 测试结果:

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-------sleep4s--------u2
-------sleep4s--------u1
-------sleep4s--------u3
-------sleep4s--------u4
-------awake----------u2
-------awake----------u3
-------awake----------u1
u2-------moneny----------1
u1-------moneny----------1
-------sleep4s--------u1
u3-------moneny----------1
-------sleep4s--------u2
-------sleep4s--------u3
-------awake----------u4
u4-------moneny----------1
-------awake----------u1
u1-------moneny----------2
-------awake----------u3
u3-------moneny----------2
-------awake----------u2
u2-------moneny----------2
-------sleep4s--------u2
-------awake----------u2
u2-------moneny----------3
-------sleep4s--------u2
-------awake----------u2
u2-------moneny----------4
-------sleep4s--------u2
-------awake----------u2
u2-------moneny----------5
-------sleep4s--------u2
-------awake----------u2
u2-------moneny----------6

测试结果来看,只有相同userId的线程才会互斥,同步等待;不同userId的线程没有同步

总结

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原文链接:http://www.cnblogs.com/xilijava/p/4569333.html