单独使用mybatis是有很多限制的(比如无法实现跨越多个session的事务),而且很多业务系统本来就是使用spring来管理的事务,因此mybatis最好与spring集成起来使用。
版本要求
项目 |
版本 |
下载地址 |
说明 |
mybatis |
3.0及以上 |
https://github.com/mybatis/mybatis-3/releases |
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spring |
3.0及以上 |
http://projects.spring.io/spring-framework/ |
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mybatis-spring |
1.0及以上 |
https://github.com/mybatis/spring/releases |
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spring事务配置
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<!-- 自动扫描业务包 -->
< context:component-scan base-package = "com.xxx.service" />
<!-- 数据源 -->
< jee:jndi-lookup id = "jndiDataSource" jndi-name = "java:comp/env/jdbc/datasource" />
<!-- 配置事务 -->
< bean id = "txManager"
class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
< property name = "dataSource" ref = "jndiDataSource" />
</ bean >
<!-- 配置基于注解的事物aop -->
< tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager = "txManager" proxy-target-class = "true" />
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单个集成
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<!-- 集成mybatis -->
< bean id = "sqlSessionFactory" class = "org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name = "dataSource" ref = "jndiDataSource" />
< property name = "configLocation" value = "classpath:/mybatis/mybatis-config.xml" />
<!-- 自动配置别名 -->
< property name = "typeAliasesPackage" value = "com.xxx.dto" />
</ bean >
<!--创建dao bean(只需提供接口不需提供实现类 )-->
< bean id = "userDao" class = "org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperFactoryBean" >
< property name = "mapperInterface" value = "com.xxx.dao.UserDao" />
< property name = "sqlSessionFactory" ref = "sqlSessionFactory" />
</ bean >
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我们不但要明白如何使用,更要明白为什么要这么使用。
SqlSessionFactoryBean是一个工厂bean,它的作用就是解析配置(数据源、别名等)。
MapperFactoryBean是一个工厂bean,在spring容器里,工厂bean是有特殊用途的,当spring将工厂bean注入到其他bean里时,它不是注入工厂bean本身而是调用bean的getObject方法。我们接下来就看看这个getObjec方法干了些什么:
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public T getObject() throws Exception {
return getSqlSession().getMapper( this .mapperInterface);
}
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看到这里大家应该就很明白了,这个方法和我们之前单独使用Mybatis的方式是一样的,都是先获取一个Sqlsession对象,然后再从Sqlsession里获取Mapper对象(再次强调Mapper是一个代理对象,它代理的是mapperInterface接口,而这个接口是用户提供的dao接口)。自然,最终注入到业务层就是这个Mapper对象。
实际的项目一般来说不止一个Dao,如果你有多个Dao那就按照上面的配置依次配置即可。
如何使用批量更新
前一节讲了如何注入一个mapper对象到业务层, mapper的行为依赖于配置,mybatis默认使用单个更新(即ExecutorType默认为SIMPLE而不是BATCH),当然我们可以通过修改mybatis配置文件来修改默认行为,但如果我们只想让某个或某几个mapper使用批量更新就不得行了。这个时候我们就需要使用模板技术:
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<!--通过模板定制mybatis的行为 -->
lt;bean id="sqlSessionTemplateSimple" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
< constructor-arg index = "0" ref = "sqlSessionFactory" />
<!--更新采用单个模式 -->
< constructor-arg index = "1" value = "SIMPLE" />
</ bean >
<!--通过模板定制mybatis的行为 -->
lt;bean id="sqlSessionTemplateBatch" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
< constructor-arg index = "0" ref = "sqlSessionFactory" />
<!--更新采用批量模式 -->
< constructor-arg index = "1" value = "BATCH" />
</ bean >
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这里笔者定义了两个模板对象,一个使用单个更新,一个使用批量更新。有了模板之后我们就可以改变mapper的行为方式了:
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< bean id = "userDao" class = "org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperFactoryBean" >
< property name = "mapperInterface" value = "com.xxx.dao.UserDao" />
< property name = "sqlSessionTemplate" ref = " sqlSessionTemplateBatch " />
</ bean >
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跟上一节的mapper配置不同的是,这里不需要配置sqlSessionFactory属性,只需要配置sqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory属性在模板里已经配置好了)。
通过自动扫描简化mapper的配置
前面的章节可以看到,我们的dao需要一个一个的配置在配置文件中,如果有很多个dao的话配置文件就会非常大,这样管理起来就会比较痛苦。幸好mybatis团队也意识到了这点,他们利用spring提供的自动扫描功能封装了一个自动扫描dao的工具类,这样我们就可以使用这个功能简化配置:
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<!-- 采用自动扫描方式创建mapper bean(单个更新模式) -->
< bean class = "org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer" >
< property name = "basePackage" value = "com.xxx.dao" />
< property name = "sqlSessionTemplateBeanName" value = "sqlSessionTemplateSimple" />
< property name = "markerInterface" value = "com.xxx.dao.SimpleDao" />
</ bean >
<!-- 采用自动扫描方式创建mapper bean(批量更新模式) -->
< bean class = "org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer" >
< property name = "basePackage" value = "com.xxx.dao" />
< property name = "sqlSessionTemplateBeanName" value = "sqlSessionTemplateBatch" />
< property name = "markerInterface" value = "com.xxx.dao.BatchDao" />
</ bean >
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MapperScannerConfigurer本身涉及的spring的技术我就不多讲了,感兴趣且对spring原理比较了解的可以去看下它的源码。我们重点看一下它的三个属性:
-
basePackage:扫描器开始扫描的基础包名,支持嵌套扫描;
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sqlSessionTemplateBeanName:前文提到的模板bean的名称;
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markerInterface:基于接口的过滤器,实现了该接口的dao才会被扫描器扫描,与basePackage是与的作用。
除了使用接口过滤外,还可使用注解过滤:
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<!-- 采用自动扫描方式创建mapper bean(批量更新模式) -->
< bean class = "org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer" >
< property name = "basePackage" value = "com.xxx.dao" />
< property name = "sqlSessionTemplateBeanName" value = "sqlSessionTemplateBatch" />
< property name = "annotationClass" value = "com.xxx.dao.BatchAnnotation" />
</ bean >
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annotationClass:配置了该注解的dao才会被扫描器扫描,与basePackage是与的作用。
需要注意的是,两个过滤条件只能配一个。
实例:事务管理
定义一个实体类:Emp.java
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package com.lixing.scm.entity;
public class Emp {
private String id;
private String name;
private String sex;
private int age;
private String phone;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this .id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this .name = name;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this .sex = sex;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge( int age) {
this .age = age;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this .phone = phone;
}
}
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定义实体内操作接口:EmpMapper.java
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package com.lixing.scm.test.mapper;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.lixing.scm.entity.Emp;
public interface EmpMapper {
void insertEmp(Emp emp);
List<Emp> getAllEmp();
Emp getById(String id);
void deleteEmp(String id);
void updateEmp(Map<String,Object> map);
}
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定义实体类操作接口的映射文件:EmpMapper.xml
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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
< mapper namespace = "com.lixing.scm.test.mapper.EmpMapper" >
< parameterMap type = "com.lixing.scm.entity.Emp" id = "parameterMapEmp" >
< parameter property = "id" />
< parameter property = "name" />
< parameter property = "sex" />
< parameter property = "age" />
< parameter property = "phone" />
</ parameterMap >
< resultMap type = "com.lixing.scm.entity.Emp" id = "resultMapEmp" >
< result property = "id" column = "id" />
< result property = "name" column = "name" />
< result property = "sex" column = "sex" />
< result property = "age" column = "age" />
< result property = "phone" column = "phone" />
</ resultMap >
< insert id = "insertEmp" parameterMap = "parameterMapEmp" >
INSERT INTO emp(id,name,sex,age,phone)
VALUES(?,?,?,?,?)
</ insert >
< select id = "getAllEmp" resultMap = "resultMapEmp" >
SELECT * FROM emp
</ select >
< select id = "getById" parameterType = "String" resultMap = "resultMapEmp" >
SELECT * FROM emp
WHERE id=#{value}
</ select >
< delete id = "deleteEmp" parameterType = "String" >
DELETE FROM emp
WHERE id=#{value}
</ delete >
< update id = "updateEmp" parameterType = "java.util.Map" >
UPDATE emp
SET name=#{name},sex=#{sex},age=#{age},phone=#{phone}
WHERE id=#{id}
</ update >
</ mapper >
Spring3.0.6定义:applicationContext.xml
<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?>
< beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
<!-- -->
< context:annotation-config />
< context:component-scan base-package = "com.lixing.scm.test.*" />
<!-- jdbc.propertis Directory -->
< bean
class = "org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" >
< property name = "locations" value = "classpath:jdbc.properties" />
</ bean >
< bean id = "MyDataSource" destroy-method = "close"
class = "org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" >
< property name = "driverClassName" value = "${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
< property name = "url" value = "${jdbc.url}" />
< property name = "username" value = "${jdbc.username}" />
< property name = "password" value = "${jdbc.password}" />
</ bean >
<!-- SqlSessionFactory -->
< bean id = "sqlSessionFactory" class = "org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" >
< property name = "dataSource" ref = "MyDataSource" />
</ bean >
<!-- ScanMapperFiles -->
< bean class = "org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer" >
< property name = "basePackage" value = "com.lixing.scm.test.mapper" />
</ bean >
<!-- ================================事务相关控制================================================= -->
< bean name = "transactionManager" class = "org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager" >
< property name = "dataSource" ref = "MyDataSource" ></ property >
</ bean >
< tx:advice id = "userTxAdvice" transaction-manager = "transactionManager" >
< tx:attributes >
< tx:method name = "delete*" propagation = "REQUIRED" read-only = "false"
rollback-for = "java.lang.Exception" no-rollback-for = "java.lang.RuntimeException" />
< tx:method name = "insert*" propagation = "REQUIRED" read-only = "false"
rollback-for = "java.lang.RuntimeException" />
< tx:method name = "update*" propagation = "REQUIRED" read-only = "false"
rollback-for = "java.lang.Exception" />
< tx:method name = "find*" propagation = "SUPPORTS" />
< tx:method name = "get*" propagation = "SUPPORTS" />
< tx:method name = "select*" propagation = "SUPPORTS" />
</ tx:attributes >
</ tx:advice >
< aop:config >
< aop:pointcut id = "pc" expression = "execution(public * com.lixing.scm.test.service.*.*(..))" /> <!--把事务控制在Service层-->
< aop:advisor pointcut-ref = "pc" advice-ref = "userTxAdvice" />
</ aop:config >
<!-- 以下为自定义Bean-->
< bean id = "empDao" class = "com.lixing.scm.test.dao.impl.EmpDaoImpl"
autowire = "byName" />
< bean id = "empService" class = "com.lixing.scm.test.service.impl.EmpServiceImpl" autowire = "byName" />
</ beans >
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DAO接口:EmpDAO.java
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package com.lixing.scm.test.dao;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.lixing.scm.entity.Emp;
public interface EmpDao {
void insertEmp(Emp emp);
List<Emp> getAllEmp();
Emp getById(String id);
void deleteEmp(String id);
void updateEmp(Map<String, Object> map);
}
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DAO接口实现类:EmpDaoImpl.java
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package com.lixing.scm.test.dao.impl;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import com.lixing.scm.entity.Emp;
import com.lixing.scm.test.dao.EmpDao;
import com.lixing.scm.test.mapper.EmpMapper;
public class EmpDaoImpl implements EmpDao {
private EmpMapper empMapper; //在此处注入一个empMapper
//这个empMapper由 Spring自动生成 //不需要我们自己手工去定义
@Override
public void insertEmp(Emp emp) {
this .empMapper.insertEmp(emp);
throw new RuntimeException( "Error" ); //测试抛出RuntimeException //异常查看数据库是否存在记录
}
@Override
public void deleteEmp(String id) {
this .empMapper.deleteEmp(id);
}
@Override
public List<Emp> getAllEmp() {
return this .empMapper.getAllEmp();
}
@Override
public Emp getById(String id) {
return this .empMapper.getById(id);
}
@Override
public void updateEmp(Map<String, Object> map) {
this .empMapper.updateEmp(map);
}
public EmpMapper getEmpMapper() {
return empMapper;
}
public void setEmpMapper(EmpMapper empMapper) {
this .empMapper = empMapper;
}
}
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Service层接口:EmpService.java
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package com.lixing.scm.test.service;
import com.lixing.scm.entity.Emp;
public interface EmpService {
void insertEmp(Emp emp);
}
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Service层接口实现类:EmpServiceImpl.java
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package com.lixing.scm.test.service.impl;
import com.lixing.scm.entity.Emp;
import com.lixing.scm.test.dao.EmpDao;
import com.lixing.scm.test.service.EmpService;
public class EmpServiceImpl implements EmpService {
private EmpDao empDao;
@Override
public void insertEmp(Emp emp) {
empDao.insertEmp(emp);
}
public EmpDao getEmpDao() {
return empDao;
}
public void setEmpDao(EmpDao empDao) {
this .empDao = empDao;
}
}
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测试类:TestEmpService.java
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import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import com.lixing.scm.entity.Emp;
import com.lixing.scm.test.service.EmpService;
public class TestEmpService {
@Test
public void testTrasaction(){
Emp emp= new Emp();
emp.setId( "00000003" );
emp.setName( "某某某" );
emp.setAge( 50 );
emp.setSex( "男" );
emp.setPhone( "566666" );
ApplicationContext ctx= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext( "classpath:applicationContext.xml" );
EmpService service=ctx.getBean(EmpService. class );
service.insertEmp(emp);
}
}
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