SysTick定时器与延时函数的几种配置方法

时间:2024-03-31 21:47:13

SysTick定时器

SysTick定时器被捆绑在NVIC中,用于产生SysTick异常(异常号:15)。
Systick 部分内容属于NVIC控制部分,一共有4个寄存器,名称和地址分别是:
STK_CSR, 0xE000E010 – 控制寄存器
STK_LOAD, 0xE000E014 – 重载寄存器
STK_VAL, 0xE000E018 – 当前值寄存器
STK_CALRB, 0xE000E01C – 校准值寄存器
所有的Cortex‐M3处理器内部都包含了这个定时器,软件在不同 CM3器件间的移植工作得以化简。该定时器的时钟源可以是内部时钟(FCLK,CM3上的*运行时钟free clock),或者是外部时钟( CM3处理器上的STCLK信号)。不过,STCLK的具体来源则由芯片设计者决定。
对于STM32芯片而言,STCLK为AHB的8分频。
因此,在利用systick进行延时函数编写时,就有一个SYSTICK来源的选择问题。对应的stm32固件库函数是SysTick_CLKSourceConfig,函数原型为void SysTick_CLKSourceConfig(u32 SysTick_CLKSource),其中的SysTick_CLKSource值为:
SysTick定时器与延时函数的几种配置方法
寄存器编程时,延迟初始化函数为
SysTick定时器与延时函数的几种配置方法

利用systick编写延时函数有2种:查询法和中断法。

查询法:

#include "delay.h"
#include "sys.h“
static u8  fac_us=0;//us延时倍乘数
static u16 fac_ms=0;//ms延时倍乘数
 
void delay_init()  
{
    SysTick_CLKSourceConfig(SysTick_CLKSource_HCLK_Div8);            //外部 HCLK/8
    fac_us=SystemCoreClock/8000000;                                                            //为系统时钟的1/8
    fac_ms=(u16)fac_us*1000;                                   //非ucos下,代表每个ms需要的systick时钟数
};     
void delay_us(u32 nus)
{      
      u32 temp;          
      SysTick->LOAD=nus*fac_us;                 //时间加载       
      SysTick->VAL=0x00;                                //清空计数器
      SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;          //开始倒数 
      do {   temp=SysTick->CTRL;
        }  while(temp&0x01&&!(temp&(1<<16)));                          //等待时间到达  
        SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;       //关闭计数器 
       SysTick->VAL =0X00;                                                           //清空计数器  
}
//延时nms。注意nms的范围,SysTick->LOAD为24位寄存器,所以,最大延时为:
//nms<=0xffffff*8*1000/SYSCLK,SYSCLK单位为Hz,nms单位为ms。对72M下,nms<=1864
void delay_ms(u16 nms)
{                
     u32 temp;        
     SysTick->LOAD=(u32)nms*fac_ms;               //时间加载(SysTick->LOAD为24bit)
     SysTick->VAL =0x00;                                          //清空计数器
     SysTick->CTRL|=SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk ;          //开始倒数 
    do  {   
       temp=SysTick->CTRL;
     } while(temp&0x01&&!(temp&(1<<16)));                           //等待时间到达  
      SysTick->CTRL&=~SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;       //关闭计数器
      SysTick->VAL =0X00;                                                           //清空计数器            
} 

中断法:

void SysTick_Configuration(void)   
{   
  SysTick_CLKSourceConfig(SysTick_CLKSource_HCLK);       /* 设置AHB时钟为SysTick时钟*/   
  /*设置SysTicks中断抢占优先级 3, 从优先级0*/  
  NVIC_SystemHandlerPriorityConfig(SystemHandler_SysTick, 3, 0);   
  SysTick_SetReload(72000);       /* HCLK=72MHz 每1ms发生一次SysTick中断*/
  SysTick_ITConfig(ENABLE);       /* Enable the SysTick Interrupt */
} 
 
void Delay(u32 nTime)   
{   
  SysTick_CounterCmd(SysTick_Counter_Enable);   /* 允许SysTick计数器*/
  TimingDelay = nTime;   
  while(TimingDelay != 0)  ;                                                    //等待计数至0   
  SysTick_CounterCmd(SysTick_Counter_Disable);       /*禁止SysTick计数器*/
  SysTick_CounterCmd(SysTick_Counter_Clear);           /* 清零SysTick计数器*/
} 
// 中断函数,定时器减至零时调用,放在stm32f10x_it.c文件中
void SysTickHandler(void)   
{   TimingDelay--;   }   

来自 http://blog.csdn.net/yangqiwei2012/article/details/16355711

中断法2: 延时函数写的 很有意思

#define SYS_TICKS_PER_SEC   1000

#define SYS_LED_PINMASK    0x0020   //PB5

#define CLK_TO_1US (SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz / 1000000)

static volatile uint32_t sys_counts;

void SysTick_Handler(void)
{
    sys_counts++;

    //led flicker
    if((sys_counts & 0x1FF) == 0)
    {
        sys_led_toggle();
		
		if (sdmmc_flick)
		{
			sdmmc_led_toggle();
		}

		if (burn_flick)
		{
			burn_led_toggle();
		}
    }
}

void arch_sys_init(void)
{
    SysTick_Config(SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz / SYS_TICKS_PER_SEC);
}

void arch_sys_delay(uint32_t milliSec)
{
    unsigned int old_ms;

    old_ms = sys_counts;

    /* check if (oscr+clk_count) wraps around */
    if( ((unsigned int)0xffffffff - milliSec) < old_ms)
    {
       /* adjust clk_count */
       milliSec = milliSec - (0xffffffff - old_ms);
       while(sys_counts >= old_ms);
       old_ms = 0;
    }

    while(sys_counts < (old_ms + milliSec));
}

void arch_sys_delayus(uint32_t us)
{
    uint32_t oscr, clk_count;
    uint32_t counter = 0;
    
    /* Determine nbr SysTick increments in OS_TICKS_PER_SEC.    */
    uint32_t peroid  = SYSCLK_FREQ_72MHz / SYS_TICKS_PER_SEC; 
    
    /* take OSCR snapshot */
    oscr = SysTick->VAL;

    clk_count = (us * CLK_TO_1US); // 10000;

    if(clk_count > peroid)
    {
        //to long than one tick
        return;
    }

    /* check if (oscr+clk_count) wraps around */
    if( (peroid - clk_count) < oscr)
    {
        /* adjust clk_count */
        clk_count = clk_count - (peroid - oscr);

        while(SysTick->VAL >= oscr)
        {
            ; /* wait until OSCR wraps around */
        }

        oscr = 0;
    }


    counter = oscr + clk_count;
    while(counter > SysTick->VAL)
    {
        if(SysTick->VAL < oscr)
        	break;
    }

}

int arch_sys_tick(void)
{
    return sys_counts;
}

贴出cm3.h的配置函数

__STATIC_INLINE uint32_t SysTick_Config(uint32_t ticks)
{
  if (ticks > SysTick_LOAD_RELOAD_Msk)  return (1);            /* Reload value impossible */

  SysTick->LOAD  = (ticks & SysTick_LOAD_RELOAD_Msk) - 1;      /* set reload register */
  NVIC_SetPriority (SysTick_IRQn, (1<<__NVIC_PRIO_BITS) - 1);  /* set Priority for Systick Interrupt */
  SysTick->VAL   = 0;                                          /* Load the SysTick Counter Value */
  SysTick->CTRL  = SysTick_CTRL_CLKSOURCE_Msk |
                   SysTick_CTRL_TICKINT_Msk   |
                   SysTick_CTRL_ENABLE_Msk;                    /* Enable SysTick IRQ and SysTick Timer */
  return (0);                                                  /* Function successful */
}

//系统滴答配置1ms中断

void SysTick_Configuration(void)
{
	SYSCTRL_ClocksTypeDef System_Clocks;
	
	SYSCTRL_GetClocksFreq(&System_Clocks);
//	printf("PLL_Frequency is %d,HCLK_Frequency is %d, PCLK_Frequency is %d",
//					System_Clocks.PLL_Frequency,System_Clocks.HCLK_Frequency,System_Clocks.PCLK_Frequency);
			
	SysTick_Config(System_Clocks.HCLK_Frequency/1000);		//SysTick_Config(96000);
}