作者:京东零售 邓立兵
简介
这是一个统计基于 Swift & Objective-C
工程的代码覆盖率的自动化脚本。之所以做成 Pod ,是便于更好的复用,该 Pod 只包含了收集生成代码覆盖率的脚本。整体比较简单方便。
这里只将流程,咱不讲原理。后续另外介绍
这里只将流程,咱不讲原理。后续另外介绍
使用
1、安装:
通过 CocoaPods 进行安装,在你的 Podfile 文件添加如下代码:
pod 'HDCoverage' 复制代码
然后 pod install
安装下载相关脚本文件。
2、关联脚本:
在项目的 Xcode
的 Build Phases
添加新的脚本(New Run Script Phase
)(App在Build会执行该脚本):
"${PODS_ROOT}/HDCoverage/HDCoverage/hd_coverage_env.sh" 复制代码
3、工程配置代码覆盖率参数:
这里本来是在 HDCoverage
有脚本支持的,但是基于对哪些模块(Pod作为独立模版)进行代码覆盖率,所以建议在 Podfile
自主添加如下代码灵活管理,详细说明如下:
# 实现post_install Hooks # 需要收集Code Coverage的模块 ntargets = Array['AFNetworking'] require 'xcodeproj' post_install do |installer| # 修改Pods中某一个模块的配置文件,好采集代码覆盖率,需要源码! installer.pods_project.targets.each do |target| target.build_configurations.each do |config| if(config.name <=> 'Release') == 0 config.build_settings['OTHER_CFLAGS'] = '$(inherited)' config.build_settings['OTHER_SWIFT_FLAGS'] = '$(inherited)' config.build_settings['OTHER_LDFLAGS'] = '$(inherited)' ntargets.each do |ntarget| if(ntarget <=> target.name) == 0 config.build_settings['OTHER_CFLAGS'] = '$(inherited) -fprofile-instr-generate -fcoverage-mapping' config.build_settings['OTHER_SWIFT_FLAGS'] = '$(inherited) -profile-generate -profile-coverage-mapping' config.build_settings['OTHER_LDFLAGS'] = '$(inherited) -fprofile-instr-generate' break end end else config.build_settings['OTHER_CFLAGS'] = '$(inherited)' config.build_settings['OTHER_SWIFT_FLAGS'] = '$(inherited)' config.build_settings['OTHER_LDFLAGS'] = '$(inherited)' end end end # 修改主工程 project_path = './HDCoverage.xcodeproj' project = Xcodeproj::Project.open(project_path) puts project project.targets.each do |target| if(target.name <=> 'HDCoverageDemo') == 0 target.build_configurations.each do |config| if ((config.name <=> 'Release') == 0 || (config.name <=> 'Debug') == 0) # 设置预编译变量CODECOVERAGE config.build_settings['GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS'] = '$(inherited) CODECOVERAGE=1' # OC代码覆盖率插桩配置 config.build_settings['OTHER_CFLAGS'] = '$(inherited) -fprofile-instr-generate -fcoverage-mapping' # Swift代码覆盖率插桩配置 config.build_settings['OTHER_SWIFT_FLAGS'] = '$(inherited) -profile-generate -profile-coverage-mapping' # 采集代码覆盖率配置 config.build_settings['OTHER_LDFLAGS'] = '$(inherited) -fprofile-instr-generate' # Release需要设置,不然无法解析代码覆盖率 config.build_settings['SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL'] = '-Onone' else config.build_settings['OTHER_CFLAGS'] = '$(inherited)' config.build_settings['OTHER_SWIFT_FLAGS'] = '$(inherited)' config.build_settings['OTHER_LDFLAGS'] = '$(inherited)' config.build_settings['SWIFT_OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL'] = '' end end end end project.save() end 复制代码
4、代码执行数据收集:
使用 GCC
无法满足 同时兼容 Swift
和 Objective-C
,所以这里是基于 LLVM
进行,官网文档 。也可以参考笔者翻译的 Source-based Code Coverage ,完整详细的教程可以看 Source-based Code Coverage for Swift Step by Step。
4.1、首先在工程中申明 LLVM
几个关键的函数:
#ifndef PROFILE_INSTRPROFILING_H_ #define PROFILE_INSTRPROFILING_H_ // https://clang.llvm.org/docs/SourceBasedCodeCoverage.html int __llvm_profile_runtime = 0; void __llvm_profile_initialize_file(void); const char *__llvm_profile_get_filename(void); void __llvm_profile_set_filename(const char *); int __llvm_profile_write_file(void); int __llvm_profile_register_write_file_atexit(void); const char *__llvm_profile_get_path_prefix(void); #endif /* PROFILE_INSTRPROFILING_H_ */ 复制代码
4.2、再次封装代码覆盖率相关API,便于上层更好使用(建议):
class HDCoverageTools: NSObject { static var shared = HDCoverageTools() // 注意:动态库是需要单独注册,并且需要在动态库中执行__llvm_profile_write_file() // func registerCoverage(moduleName: String) { let name = "\(moduleName).profraw" print("registerCoverage, moduleName: \(moduleName)") let fileManager = FileManager.default do { let documentDirectory = try fileManager.url(for: .documentDirectory, in: .userDomainMask, appropriateFor:nil, create:false) let filePath: NSString = documentDirectory.appendingPathComponent(name).path as NSString print("HDCoverageGather filePath: \(filePath)") __llvm_profile_set_filename(filePath.utf8String) } catch { print(error) } saveAndUpload() } // 合适的时机代码覆盖率上报 func saveAndUpload() { __llvm_profile_write_file() } } 复制代码
4.3、启动时刻,注册代码覆盖率API:
func application(_ application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: [UIApplication.LaunchOptionsKey: Any]?) -> Bool { HDCoverageTools.shared.registerCoverage(moduleName: "HDCoverageDemo") return true } 复制代码
4.4、在合适的时刻(按照大家的业务场景)将覆盖率数据写入制定的路径:
func sceneDidEnterBackground(_ scene: UIScene) { // 笔者这里测试,是在App进入后台后写入 DispatchQueue.global().asyncAfter(deadline: .now() + 0.1) { [self] in HDCoverageTools.shared.saveAndUpload() } } 复制代码
5、测试以便生成覆盖率数据:
以本工程的demo为例说明
5.1、在运行成功后,Finder
会自动弹出如下目录:
这里是在项目主工程生成 CoverageResult
目录,并且将生成代码覆盖率可视化的脚本 hd_parse_profraw.sh
拷贝到这里,将 项目 HDCoverageDemo.app
拷贝过来,主要是获取其 Mach-O
:
$ tree -L 2 . ├── MachOFiles │ └── HDCoverageDemo.app ├── Profraw └── hd_parse_profraw.sh 复制代码
5.2、执行测试用例,这里我分别点击了:"主工程(OC)-Case1/Case2"、"主工程(Swift)-Case2/Case3"、"Framework(OC)-Case1/Case2"、"FrameworkSwift)-Case2/Case3"
后,App退到后台
5.3、查看控制台,可以看到 profraw 文件:
registerCoverage, moduleName: HDCoverageDemo HDCoverageGather filePath: /Users/denglibing/Library/Developer/CoreSimulator/Devices/5D01D4AA-40AE-4FC6-845C-391A94828EE3/data/Containers/Data/Application/283906A5-1681-44A5-8522-126D29D2F148/Documents/HDCoverageDemo.profraw 复制代码
将 HDCoverageDemo.profraw
拷贝到 CoverageResult/Profraw
目录中;
5.4、执行 hd_parse_profraw.sh
脚本:
$ tree -L 2 . ├── MachOFiles │ └── HDCoverageDemo.app ├── Profraw │ └── HDCoverageDemo.profraw └── hd_parse_profraw.sh $ sh hd_parse_profraw.sh CoverageResult: /Users/denglibing/HDProject/iOSProject/SProject/hdcoverage/Example/CoverageResult/CoverageResult machOFiles: /Users/denglibing/HDProject/iOSProject/SProject/hdcoverage/Example/CoverageResult/MachOFiles /Users/denglibing/HDProject/iOSProject/SProject/hdcoverage/Example/CoverageResult/CoverageResult 不存在,已经创建 disposeProfrawFiles profraws: /Users/denglibing/HDProject/iOSProject/SProject/hdcoverage/Example/CoverageResult/Profraw disposeProfrawFiles profraw file: HDCoverageDemo.profraw =================================== findMachOFileName: HDCoverageDemo findMachOFilePath: /Users/denglibing/HDProject/iOSProject/SProject/hdcoverage/Example/CoverageResult/MachOFiles/HDCoverageDemo.app/HDCoverageDemo =================================== disposeProfrawToHtml, machoFileName: HDCoverageDemo machOFilePath: /Users/denglibing/HDProject/iOSProject/SProject/hdcoverage/Example/CoverageResult/MachOFiles/HDCoverageDemo.app/HDCoverageDemo 复制代码
执行成功后将自动将可视化的代码覆盖率目录打开:
$ tree -L 3 . ├── CoverageResult │ └── HDCoverageDemo │ ├── coverage │ ├── index.html │ └── style.css ├── MachOFiles │ └── HDCoverageDemo.app │ ├── Base.lproj │ ├── Frameworks │ ├── HDCoverageDemo │ ├── Info.plist │ ├── PkgInfo │ └── _CodeSignature ├── Profraw │ ├── HDCoverageDemo.profdata │ └── HDCoverageDemo.profraw └── hd_parse_profraw.sh 9 directories, 8 files 复制代码
5.5、查看:打开 CoverageResult/HDCoverageDemo/index.html
即可得到本次测试的代码覆盖率情况:
点击某一个 Filename区域
可以查看详情,例如点击 HDOCFramework.m
:
可以看出,tag == 3
的代码行数并没有执行到,这正和上面测试的 "Framework(OC)-Case1/Case2"
符合。
小结
全量代码覆盖率可以帮助开发者聚焦变动代码的逻辑缺陷,从而更好地避免线上问题。这里更多的是讲述基于 Swift & Objective-C
工程的 全量代码覆盖率 的方案,没有原理,只有简单的流程。中途尝试过多个方案,最终依靠 Cocoapods
能力将自动化脚本赋能出去。
但是实际开发过程,不可能每次都去关注 全量代码覆盖率,下一篇继续介绍:iOS代码覆盖率(二)-增量覆盖率自动化实践
参考
Source-based Code Coverage for Swift Step by Step : 非常详细的Swift代码覆盖率教程,受益匪浅。
iOS 基于非Case的Code Coverage系统搭建 : 基于对OC项目的代码覆盖率介绍,提供了脚本化思路,收益匪浅。
llvm-profdata - Profile data tool: 用于处理生成profdata命令
Source-based Code Coverage :llvm官网基于源码对Swift和OC进行代码覆盖率
Source-based Code Coverage 中文版 :llvm官网基于源码对Swift和OC进行代码覆盖率-笔者翻译(轻喷)