本篇概览
自己有一台2015年的联想笔记本,显卡是gtx950m,已安装ubuntu 16.04 lts桌面版,为了使用其gpu完成deeplearning4j的训练工作,自己动手安装了cuda和cudnn,在此将整个过程记录下来,以备将来参考,整个安装过程分为以下几步:
- 准备工作
- 安装nvidia驱动
- 安装cuda
- 安装cudnn
特别问题说明
- 按照一般步骤,在安装完nvidia显卡驱动后,会提示对应的cuda版本,接下来按照提示的版本安装cuda,例如我这里提示的是11.2,正常情况下,我应该安装11.2版本的cuda
- 但是我选择9.1版本就行安装,因为之前的开发中发现deeplearning4j使用了11.2的sdk后,启动应用会有classnotfound的错误,此问题至今未修复(惭愧,欣宸水平如此之低…),因此,我在nvidia驱动提示11.2版本的情况下,依然安装了9.1版本,后来在此环境运行deeplearning4j应用一切正常
- 如果您没有我这类问题,完全可以按照驱动指定的版本来安装cuda,具体的操作步骤稍后会详细说到;
准备工作
- 接下来的操作,除了在网页下载,其余都是ssh远程连接到ubuntu机器操作的,ssh登录的帐号为普通帐号,并非root
- 如果已有驱动,请先删除
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sudo apt - get remove - - purge nvidia *
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禁用nouveau驱动(很重要),用vi打开文件/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf,在尾部增加以下内容,然后保存退出:
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blacklist nouveau
blacklist lbm - nouveau
options nouveau modeset = 0
alias nouveau off
alias lbm - nouveau off
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关闭nouveau:
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echo options nouveau modeset = 0 | sudo tee - a / etc / modprobe.d / nouveau - kms.conf
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更新initramfs:
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update - initramfs - u
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执行reboot重启电脑
重启后,执行以下命令,应该不会有任何输出,证明nouveau已经禁用:
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lsmod|grep nouveau
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获取kernel source:
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sudo apt - get install linux - source
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安装过程中显示信息如下图:
根据上图红框中的信息,可知内核版本号为,于是执行以下命令:
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sudo apt - get install linux - headers - 4.4 . 0 - 210 - generic
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下载和安装nvidia驱动
访问nvidia网站,地址https://www.nvidia.cn/download/index.aspx?lang=cn,然后选择对应的显卡和操作系统,我的选择如下图所示:
点击上图搜索按钮后,进入下图页面,点击下载:
下载得到的文件名为nvidia-linux-x86_64-460.84.run
关闭图形页面:
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sudo service lightdm stop
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给驱动文件增加可执行权限:
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sudo chmod a + x nvidia - linux - x86_64 - 460.84 .run
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开始安装:
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sudo . / nvidia - linux - x86_64 - 460.84 .run - no - x - check - no - nouveau - check - no - opengl - files
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遇到下图,选择红框:
遇到下图,直接回车:
恢复图形页面:
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sudo service lightdm start
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执行命令nvidia-smi,如果驱动安装成功,会显示以下内容:
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will@lenovo:~ / temp / 202106 / 20 $ nvidia - smi
sun jun 20 09 : 02 : 11 2021 + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| nvidia - smi 460.84 driver version: 460.84 cuda version: 11.2 |
| - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| gpu name persistence - m| bus - id disp.a | volatile uncorr. ecc |
| fan temp perf pwr:usage / cap| memory - usage | gpu - util compute m. |
| | | mig m. |
| = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = + = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = + = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = |
| 0 geforce gtx 950m off | 00000000 : 01 : 00.0 off | n / a |
| n / a 41c p0 n / a / n / a | 0mib / 4046mib | 1 % default |
| | | n / a |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
| processes: |
| gpu gi ci pid type process name gpu memory |
| id id usage |
| = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = |
| no running processes found |
+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
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从上述内容可见cuda version: 11.2表示该驱动对应的cuda版本应该是11.2,正如前面所说,我这边遇到了问题,因此接下来会安装9.1版本,但是您可以选择安装11.2
安装cuda
浏览器访问,点击红框中的链接:
如下图,下载linux版本:
继续选择x86_64:
选择具体的linux版本及其版本号:
要下载的东西不少,一个安装程序和三个补丁:
上述四个文件的下载地址整理如下:
https://developer.download.nvidia.cn/compute/cuda/9.1/secure/prod/local_installers/cuda_9.1.85_387.26_linux.run?p0ntu_6nltuuemm6fjrk1w5vl4km7oat1ofw870zkj-zdw2ckkntfloe6klrjfw2cmta8z3q390_6urlgc6lqjoqlifw9gvfvdcusninypllaw1u8lry8r4ovntpnzaxu4bqchjvdb6c6rjq20dktccrd4640woxt1yhmd95v1du7wdbbxq2eoy
https://developer.download.nvidia.cn/compute/cuda/9.1/secure/prod/patches/1/cuda_9.1.85.1_linux.run?yexf_7wiglhauw--e_yvlqzrgxv0x2i043wojvy-ydxu5kyhc-eyqf5jml-4mvymlvpycec5rht2sdwscx20cjbdowpkt30kwb9vx8e4oilajdq3mvpvxdikksiobux-h0q0n0jsknn80vmhw-nk8jwvry_e6mufzqwbapk
https://developer.download.nvidia.cn/compute/cuda/9.1/secure/prod/patches/2/cuda_9.1.85.2_linux.run?5jgzxnigaojkaapbmagjhsw7ebqvygyyoqe2vbxz1ev8qp2bzxjlxipgao11ugwhorirqkdjgq5b8efh4ashbvutmupaasvrimckdzw5yjjiobgqrceyu-lfo59abrrer57mxa0t1sc97fc80iozq8ox2repjn7a3oyvgd8
https://developer.download.nvidia.cn/compute/cuda/9.1/secure/prod/patches/3/cuda_9.1.85.3_linux.run?cxwimjtc-xroyihig-uzmh62odbjinf1fmxtz_bsw1nq0zz5cl5r8qlmlmr_1j2rvhk3j8z5ls6dpart8frjghh2mevn5tefmoclam8udm-rsmmmqhxye66hhn2d0drvedtcwe8zreiyb2rpucaz9svcfe8z319mge4ju94
下载完毕后,执行命令chmod a+x *.run为上述四个文件增加可执行权限
安装cuda:
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sudo sh cuda_9. 1.85_387 . 26_linux .run
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遇到license时,像是用vi工具那样,输入":",再输入"q"回车,就能跳过license阅读,执行真正的安装操作了:
接下来是一系列提问,每一个提问的回答如下图,千万注意红框中的问题一定要选择n:
安装完成后输出以下内容:
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installing the cuda toolkit in / usr / local / cuda - 9.1 ...
missing recommended library: libglu.so
missing recommended library: libx11.so
missing recommended library: libxi.so
missing recommended library: libxmu.so
missing recommended library: libgl.so
installing the cuda samples in / home / will ...
copying samples to / home / will / nvidia_cuda - 9.1_samples now...
finished copying samples.
= = = = = = = = = = =
= summary =
= = = = = = = = = = =
driver: not selected
toolkit: installed in / usr / local / cuda - 9.1
samples: installed in / home / will, but missing recommended libraries
please make sure that
- path includes / usr / local / cuda - 9.1 / bin
- ld_library_path includes / usr / local / cuda - 9.1 / lib64, or , add / usr / local / cuda - 9.1 / lib64 to / etc / ld.so.conf and run ldconfig as root
to uninstall the cuda toolkit, run the uninstall script in / usr / local / cuda - 9.1 / bin
please see cuda_installation_guide_linux.pdf in / usr / local / cuda - 9.1 / doc / pdf for detailed information on setting up cuda.
* * * warning: incomplete installation! this installation did not install the cuda driver. a driver of version at least 384.00 is required for cuda 9.1 functionality to work.
to install the driver using this installer, run the following command, replacing <cudainstaller> with the name of this run file :
sudo <cudainstaller>.run - silent - driver
logfile is / tmp / cuda_install_13425.log
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打开文件~/.bashrc,在尾部增加以下两行(ld_library_path如果已经存在,请参考path的写法改成追加):
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export path = / usr / local / cuda - 9.1 / bin :$path
export ld_library_path = / usr / local / cuda - 9.1 / lib64
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执行命令source ~/.bashrc使配置生效
执行命令su -切换到root帐号,执行以下命令(不要用sudo,而是切到root帐号):
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sudo echo "/usr/local/cuda-9.1/lib64" >> / etc / ld.so.conf
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再以root身份执行以下命令:
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ldconfig
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执行命令exit退出root身份,现在又是普通帐号的身份了
执行命令nvcc -v检查cuda版本,注意参数v是大写:
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will@lenovo:~$ nvcc - v
nvcc: nvidia (r) cuda compiler driver
copyright (c) 2005 - 2017 nvidia corporation
built on fri_nov__3_21: 07 : 56_cdt_2017
cuda compilation tools, release 9.1 , v9. 1.85
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安装第一个补丁:
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sudo sh cuda_9. 1.85 . 1_linux .run
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安装第二个补丁:
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sudo sh cuda_9. 1.85_387 . 26_linux .run
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安装第三个补丁:
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sudo sh cuda_9. 1.85_387 . 26_linux .run
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安装cudnn
浏览器访问:
按提示登录,如果没有帐号请注册一个,登录后进入下载页面,需要点击下图红框位置才有能见到老版本:
选择与cuda匹配的版本:
下载后解压,得到文件夹cuda,然后执行以下命令:
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sudo cp cuda / include / cudnn.h / usr / local / cuda / include /
sudo cp cuda / lib64 / libcudnn * / usr / local / cuda / lib64 /
sudo chmod a + r / usr / local / cuda / include / cudnn.h
sudo chmod a + r / usr / local / cuda / lib64 / libcudnn *
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执行检查确认的命令cat /usr/local/cuda/include/cudnn.h | grep cudnn_major -a 2,如果安装顺利会有以下输出:
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#define cudnn_major 7
#define cudnn_minor 1
#define cudnn_patchlevel 3
- -
#define cudnn_version (cudnn_major * 1000 + cudnn_minor * 100 + cudnn_patchlevel)
#include "driver_types.h"
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至此,ubuntu16安装cuda(9.1)和cudnn已经完成了,希望能给您一些参考。
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/boling_cavalry/article/details/118065868