Spring - BeanPostProcessor接口(后处理器)讲解

时间:2023-03-05 15:40:32
概述:

BeanPostProcessor接口是众多Spring提供给开发者的bean生命周期内自定义逻辑拓展接口中的一个,其他还有类似InitializingBean,DisposableBean,BeanFactoryAware等。
实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的Bean我们叫做后处理器
BeanPostProcessor接口定义如下

<span style="font-size:14px;">public interface BeanPostProcessor {

       Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;

       Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;

}</span>
在项目中(假设只有一个Spring容器),我们如果定义了一个实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的Bean(后处理器),那么在这个Bean所在的容器中的其他所有Bean在初始化前都会执行后处理器的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法,在初始化后都会执行后处理器的postProcessAfterInitialization方法。具体执行顺序是:
1. BeanPostProcessor.postProcessBeforeInitialization
2. InitializingBean.afterPropertiesSet
3. bean配置中的init-method
4. BeanPostProcessor.postProcessAfterInitialization
关于bean生命周期可以参考这里。
一个容器中可以定义多个后处理器,那么该容器内其他素有Bean初始化前后就会依次执行这些Bean的postProcessBeforeInitialization方法和postProcessAfterInitialization方法。
后处理器的配置方式和普通的Spring Bean是一样的。
下面我们来看一个Spring的例子:

类定义:
package scripting;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException; public class InstantiationTracingBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor { // simply return the instantiated bean as-is
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
return bean; // we could potentially return any object reference here...
} public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName)
throws BeansException {
System.out.println("Bean '" + beanName + "' created : " + bean.toString());
return bean;
}
}
spring配置: 
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang
http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd"> <lang:groovy id="messenger"
script-source="classpath:org/springframework/scripting/groovy/Messenger.groovy">
<lang:property name="message" value="Fiona Apple Is Just So Dreamy."/>
</lang:groovy> <!--
when the above bean (messenger) is instantiated, this custom
BeanPostProcessor implementation will output the fact to the system console
-->
<bean class="scripting.InstantiationTracingBeanPostProcessor"/> </beans>
配置中的messenger也是一个bean,具体可以参考官方资料Chapter 28, Dynamic language support,这里就不细说。
写一个main方法启动Spring容器:
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.scripting.Messenger; public final class Boot { public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("scripting/beans.xml");
Messenger messenger = (Messenger) ctx.getBean("messenger");
System.out.println(messenger);
}
}
执行后,打印结果如下:
Bean 'messenger' created : org.springframework.scripting.groovy.GroovyMessenger@272961
org.springframework.scripting.groovy.GroovyMessenger@272961

在配置中,实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的Bean(后处理器)会优先被Spring容器实例化,以便在后续实例化其他Bean的时候能起作用。