在下有理解不到位,或是有更好的建议,欢迎批评指正!
相同点:关键段和互斥量都可以用来控制线程互斥访问资源。
不同点:关键段只能用于单进程间的多线程互斥,而互斥量可以用于多进程间的多线程互斥,而且互斥量可以处理“遗弃”(即某个个进程的某个线程占用了互斥量,但是它因为某些原因非正常关闭了,互斥量也没有释放,这是系统就是检测,处理这种情况,释放互斥量,以免其他线程一直等待下去)的问题。
按这样理解的话,在单个进程内使用关键段与互斥量应该可以达到类似的结果,真的是这样子吗?
个人用比较常见的生成者消费者模型稍作变型,成了4个生产者,4个消费者,4个临界区资源:
用信号量full,empty表示临界区的资源,用关键段处理对变量的互斥访问。
#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<windows.h>
volatile long g_nLoginCount;
const int THREAD_NUM = 10;
volatile long g_num;
HANDLE g_Mutex;
HANDLE g_Semaphore_full,g_Semaphore_empty; //信号量
CRITICAL_SECTION g_thread;
int num=10;
unsigned int __stdcall producer(void *pPM){
int i;
for(i=0;i<4;i++){
Sleep(100);
WaitForSingleObject(g_Semaphore_empty,INFINITE);
Sleep(100);
EnterCriticalSection(&g_thread); //用关键段不会有问题
// WaitForSingleObject(g_Mutex,INFINITE); //用互斥量就会出问题
g_num++;
printf("生产者ID:%d 累积SUM : %d\n",GetCurrentThreadId(),g_num);
// ReleaseMutex(&g_Mutex);
LeaveCriticalSection(&g_thread);
ReleaseSemaphore(g_Semaphore_full,1,NULL);//信号量++
Sleep(100);
}
return 0;
}
unsigned int __stdcall customer(void *pPM){
int ok=1;
while(1){
//Sleep(0);
Sleep(100);
Sleep(0);
WaitForSingleObject(g_Semaphore_full,INFINITE);
printf(" 消费者ID:%d 累积SUM : %d\n",GetCurrentThreadId(),g_num);
ReleaseSemaphore(g_Semaphore_empty,1,NULL);//信号量++
}
return 0;
}
int main(){
g_Semaphore_full = CreateSemaphore(NULL,0,4,NULL);//当前0个资源,最大允许4个同时访
g_Semaphore_empty = CreateSemaphore(NULL,0,4,NULL);//当前0个资源,最大允许4个同时访
g_Mutex = CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);
InitializeCriticalSection(&g_thread);
HANDLE handle[10];
ReleaseSemaphore(g_Semaphore_empty,4,NULL);//信号量++
int i;
for(i=0;i<4;i++){
handle[i] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL,0,producer,NULL,0,NULL);
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++){
handle[i+4] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL,0,customer,NULL,0,NULL);
}
WaitForMultipleObjects(THREAD_NUM,handle,TRUE,INFINITE);
getchar(); //一定要在这里设置使主线程停止,否则执行到后面的话,子线程就被关闭了
for(i=0;i<6;i++)
CloseHandle(handle[i]);
CloseHandle(g_Semaphore_full);
CloseHandle(g_Semaphore_empty);
CloseHandle(g_Mutex);
return 0;
}
这样是正常的。
但是用互斥量处理对g_num变量的互斥访问的时候:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<process.h>
#include<windows.h>
volatile long g_nLoginCount;
const int THREAD_NUM = 10;
volatile long g_num;
HANDLE g_Mutex;
HANDLE g_Semaphore_full,g_Semaphore_empty; //信号量
CRITICAL_SECTION g_thread;
int num=10;
unsigned int __stdcall producer(void *pPM){
int i;
for(i=0;i<4;i++){
Sleep(100);
WaitForSingleObject(g_Semaphore_empty,INFINITE);
Sleep(100);
// EnterCriticalSection(&g_thread); //用关键段不会有问题
WaitForSingleObject(g_Mutex,INFINITE); //用互斥量就会出问题
g_num++;
printf("生产者ID:%d 累积SUM : %d\n",GetCurrentThreadId(),g_num);
ReleaseMutex(&g_Mutex);
// LeaveCriticalSection(&g_thread);
ReleaseSemaphore(g_Semaphore_full,1,NULL);//信号量++
Sleep(100);
}
return 0;
}
unsigned int __stdcall customer(void *pPM){
int ok=1;
while(1){
//Sleep(0);
Sleep(100);
Sleep(0);
WaitForSingleObject(g_Semaphore_full,INFINITE);
printf(" 消费者ID:%d 累积SUM : %d\n",GetCurrentThreadId(),g_num);
ReleaseSemaphore(g_Semaphore_empty,1,NULL);//信号量++
}
return 0;
}
int main(){
g_Semaphore_full = CreateSemaphore(NULL,0,4,NULL);//当前0个资源,最大允许4个同时访
g_Semaphore_empty = CreateSemaphore(NULL,0,4,NULL);//当前0个资源,最大允许4个同时访
g_Mutex = CreateMutex(NULL,FALSE,NULL);
InitializeCriticalSection(&g_thread);
HANDLE handle[10];
ReleaseSemaphore(g_Semaphore_empty,4,NULL);//信号量++
int i;
for(i=0;i<4;i++){
handle[i] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL,0,producer,NULL,0,NULL);
}
for(i=0;i<4;i++){
handle[i+4] = (HANDLE)_beginthreadex(NULL,0,customer,NULL,0,NULL);
}
WaitForMultipleObjects(THREAD_NUM,handle,TRUE,INFINITE);
getchar(); //一定要在这里设置使主线程停止,否则执行到后面的话,子线程就被关闭了
for(i=0;i<6;i++)
CloseHandle(handle[i]);
CloseHandle(g_Semaphore_full);
CloseHandle(g_Semaphore_empty);
CloseHandle(g_Mutex);
return 0;
}
观察生产者的ID:成了有序的情况,这就是说,它使得一个线程完全执行完了之后在执行另外一个线程,这跟关键段的作用也差的太大了!!到底是什么情况??