step6----->往工程中添加spring boot项目------->修改pom.xml使得我的project是基于spring boot的,而非直接基于spring framework

时间:2022-06-08 19:51:32

文章内容概述:

  spring项目组其实有多个projects,如spring IO platform用于管理external dependencies的版本,通过定义BOM(bill of materials)来管理所引入的external dependencies的版本,从而避免版本冲突问题,再如spring web flow项目,专门为构建流形式的web application提供支持。除了刚刚所叙述的这两个project之外,spring社区还有若干其他project,分别可应用于不同application的开发。Spring协会的这些project都是基于spring framework来创建的,所以支持spring框架的特色功能。同时,它们又对spring framework的modules以及项目可能依赖的三方库、插件等做了基本的封装,在这些project的基础上进行自己的项目的开发,会比直接基于spring framework创建自己的project更便捷。

  我们想要搭建的机器学习管理平台是用于提供restful web services,综合考虑spring社区各个projects的特点,决定舍弃原来的决定,由直接基于the spring framework搭建自己的web网站改为基于spring boot来搭建自己的网站,希望由此简化整个开发过程。

具体操作:

  step1,了解spring boot的特点,参见官网documentation

  step2, 参照  官网guids  以及 git上的sample工程 向项目中引入spring boot

        step2.1 修改pom.xml,包括

              注释掉之前引入的spring framework的modules相关的配置,以及

              添加spring boot相关的配置

            项目最终的pom.xml如下

          • <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
            <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
            <groupId>bupt.jinmensuyin.webapp</groupId>
            <artifactId>leapmotion-web</artifactId>
            <packaging>war</packaging>
            <version>0.0.1</version>
            <name>leapmotion-web Maven Webapp</name> <!--spring boot中定义了pom.xml,
            该pom.xml中引入了spring framework的若干 modules如spring-core、spring-context等,
            还引入了三方插件如spring-boot-maven-plugin等
            还引入了spring framework的external dependencies...
            所以将spring-boot-starter-parent这个pom.xml作为自己的project的parent POM
            这样一来,就可以简化自己项目的pom.xml的配置-->
            <parent>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version>
            </parent>
            <dependencies>
            <!-- 引入spring-boot中的若干模块作为自己的项目的external dependencies -->
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 使用Jackson JSON library完成自己工程中编写的POJO类向JSON字符串的自动转化
            如下面步骤中,可以将Greeting类实例自动转化成JSON字符串(其实就是自动将该POJO类对象的属性串成JSON格式的字符串)
            -->
            <dependency>
            <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
            <artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!-- 单元测试相关的lib,提供用于单元测试的相关API
            用于白盒测试,即程序员知道被测试的软件如何(How)完成功能和完成什么样(What)的功能的情况下编写的测试代码
            根据Junit所定义的规则进行编写相关测试代码(如测试代码必须继承特定的类等等),可以实现“自动测试”
            对不同性质的被测对象,如Class,Jsp,Servlet,Ejb等,Junit有不同的使用技巧-->
            <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <!--20161221:lxrm
            修改:将下面的这些external dependencies注释掉
            注释原因:研究了Spring协会旗下的所有projects之后,决定在spring boot这个project的基础上搭建自己的网站,
            而不是直接依赖于spring framework来开发自己的网站,以期能够减少工作量,加快网站搭建进程 ,
            所以将下面的external dependencies注释掉,改为引进spring boot
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            </dependency>
            --> </dependencies> <build>
            <finalName>leapmotion-web</finalName>
            <!-- 注释原因:没注释之前,报错,错误原因是parent pom中已经指定过一次该插件,将此处配置注释掉以后不再报错
            spring-boot-maven-plugin的功能有很多,具体包括:
            It collects all the jars on the classpath and builds a single, runnable "über-jar",
            which makes it more convenient to execute and transport your service.
            It searches for the public static void main() method to flag as a runnable class.
            It provides a built-in dependency resolver that sets the version number
            to match Spring Boot dependencies. You can override any version you wish,
            but it will default to Boot’s chosen set of versions.
            <plugins>
            <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
            </plugins>
            -->
            </build> <dependencyManagement>
            <dependencies>
            <!-- BOM:bill of materials,是一个external dependency的列表,该列表中确定了各个external dependency的版本
            并且保证各个dependencies之间不会出现版本冲突问题 -->
            <dependency>
            <groupId>io.spring.platform</groupId>
            <artifactId>platform-bom</artifactId>
            <version>Athens-SR1</version>
            <type>pom</type>
            <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            </dependencies>
            </dependencyManagement> <repositories>
            <repository>
            <id>spring-releases</id>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>
            </repository>
            </repositories>
            <pluginRepositories>
            <pluginRepository>
            <id>spring-releases</id>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-release</url>
            </pluginRepository>
            </pluginRepositories> </project>

                    

  step3,编写java程序,测试spring boot是否成功引入

      • 参考教程:
      • 代码:
        •   Greeting.java  POJO类(domain/Model层)
        •   GreetingController.java  (Controller层,有@RequestMapping之类的标注。In Spring’s approach to building RESTful web services, HTTP requests are handled by a controller. These components are easily identified by the @RestController annotation, and the GreetingController below handles GET requests for /greeting by returning a new instance of the Greeting class:)
        • GreetingConfiguration.java (相当于配置文件 )
        • GreetingInitializer.java(相当于配置文件:web.xml中所有与spring(springMVC)相关的配置)
      • /**
        * @author lxrm
        * @date 20161221
        * @description:spring boot的入门程序:hello world程序
        * @function:这个类是一个POJO类,属于Model层的对象
        * */
        package hello;
        public class Greeting {
        private final long id;
        private final String content; public Greeting(long id,String content){
        this.id=id;
        this.content=content;
        } public long getId(){
        return this.id;
        }
        public Stirng getContent(){
        return this.content;
        }
        }
        /**
        * @author:lxrm
        * @date:20161221
        * @description:spring-boot使用实例: hello world程序
        * @function:本程序作为Controller,接收请求,调用相关业务层组件来完成处理任务,并返回处理结果
        * In Spring’s approach to building RESTful web services,
        * HTTP requests are handled by a controller.
        * These components are easily identified by the @RestController annotation,
        * and the GreetingController below handles GET requests for /greeting
        * by returning a new instance of the Greeting class:*/
        package hello; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
        import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
        import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
        import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController
        public class GreetingController {
        private satic final String template="Hello,%s!";
        private final AtomicLong counter=new AtomicLong(); /**About @RequestMapping annotation
        * 1.The @RequestMapping annotation ensures that HTTP requests to
        * /greeting are mapped to the greeting() method.
        *
        * 2.The above example does not specify GET vs. PUT, POST,
        * and so forth, because @RequestMapping maps all HTTP operations by default.
        * Use @RequestMapping(method=GET) to narrow this mapping.
        *
        **About @RequestParam annotation
        * 1.@RequestParam 将请求中的参数name绑定到greeting()方法的参数name上.
        * This query string parameter is explicitly marked as optional (required=true by default):
        * if it is absent in the request, the defaultValue of "World" is used.*/
        @RequestMapping("/greeting")
        public Greeting greeting(@RequestParam(value="name", defaultValue="LXRM") String name) {
        /*
        * @return:创建一个Greeting对象并作为返回值返回
        * */
        return new Greeting(counter.incrementAndGet(),
        String.format(template, name));
        }
        }
        
        
        /**
        * @author lxrm
        * @date 20161221
        * @description:spring boot的入门程序:hello world程序
        * @function:1)这个类使用@SpringBootApplication注解以及其子注解标签来使得your project中所添加的所有spring注解生效,
        * 有了@SpringBootApplication注解以及其子注解标签(@Configuration、@EnableAutoConfiguration、@EnableWebMvc
        * @ComponentScan),
        * 就可以不用使用*.xml配置文件,从而使得 there wasn’t a single line of XML? No web.xml file either.
        * 最终整个web application is 100% pure Java
        * 2)这个类中添加了public static void main(String[] args)函数,这就使得整个project可以被打包成可执行的jar包,
        * 该jar包中包含所有necessary dependencies, classes, and resources,可以被直接运行
        * */
        package hello; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
        import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
        import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
        import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
        import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
        /**
        * About @SpringBootApplication 注解
        * @SpringBootApplication is a convenience annotation that adds all of the following:
        * @Configuration tags the class as a source of bean definitions for the application context.
        * @EnableAutoConfiguration tells Spring Boot to start adding beans based on classpath settings,
        * other beans, and various property settings.
        * @EnableWebMvc Normally you would add this annotion for a Spring MVC app,
        * but Spring Boot adds it automatically when it sees spring-webmvc on the classpath.
        * This flags the application as a web application and activates key behaviors
        * such as setting up a DispatcherServlet.
        * @ComponentScan(basePackage="包名") tells Spring to look for other components, configurations,
        * and services in the the hello package, allowing it to find the controllers. */
        @Configuration
        @EnableWebMvc
        @ComponentScan(basePackages = "hello")
        public class GreetingConfiguration {
        /**
        * The main() method uses Spring Boot’s SpringApplication.run() method
        * to launch an application. */
        /*
        public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
        }
        */
        }
        
        
        /**
        * @author lxrm
        * @date 20161221
        * @description spring boot框架下的第一个程序:helloWorld程序
        * @function 1.替代在web.xml中定义的任何spring相关的配置
        * 2.这个类的功能类似于web.xml配置文件的功能,传统web application 中是通过在web.xml中添加相应的配置
        * 如web.xml配置与springMVC相关的DispacthServlet来拦截客户端传来的HTTP请求,并交由spring的controller类处理相关请求,
        * 如配置spring注解相关的类,你的project中添加的与spring框架相关的注解才能被识别
        * 3.spring 4版本中舍弃了*.xml配置文件,直接使用java程序来进行这些配置
        * XxxConfiguration类使得spring注解生效
        * XxxInitializer.java(本程序)使得XxxConfiguration类生效,并且配置web.xml中所配置的其他东西*/
        package hello; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; public class GreetingInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override
        protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[] { GreetingConfiguration.class };
        } @Override
        protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return null;
        } @Override
        protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[] { "/" };
        } }