JPA规范推荐使用Annotation来管理实体类与数据表之间的映射关系,从而避免同时维护两份文件(Java 实体类 和 XML 映射文件),将映射信息(写在Annotation中)与实体类集中在一起。
以下我将使用eclipse来构建一个简单使用注解取代*.hbm.xml的查询小例子。(p.s 建议不要使用Myeclipse,他很方便但是对于初学者来说没有eclipse学得牢靠)
1.在数据库中构建一张表
2.生成相应的hibernate.cfg.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.password">root</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/zzh</property>
<property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>
注意,在生成cfg.xml文件时,要create Hibernate Console Configuration
3.生成hibernate.reveng.xml逆向工程
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-reverse-engineering PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Reverse Engineering DTD 3.0//EN" "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-reverse-engineering-3.0.dtd" > <hibernate-reverse-engineering>
<table-filter match-catalog="zzh" match-name="commodity"/>
</hibernate-reverse-engineering>
在Eclipse界面工具栏,择Hibernate code generation Configuration,new 一个新的配置。
4.选择Exporters的选项,接下来是重点!!!
选择勾选的两项,不再选.hbm.xml.
点击Run。
5.只生成了与数据表对应的实体类Commodity.java,而没有生成与该实体类对应的映射文件Commodity.hbm.xml,打开实体类
package com.zzh;
// Generated 2016-8-28 9:42:01 by Hibernate Tools 4.3.1.Final import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import static javax.persistence.GenerationType.IDENTITY;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table; /**
* Commodity generated by hbm2java
*/
@Entity
@Table(name = "commodity", catalog = "zzh")
public class Commodity implements java.io.Serializable { private Integer id;
private String name;
private Double price;
private String unit;
private String category;
private String description;
private Integer seller; public Commodity() {
} public Commodity(String name, Double price, String unit, String category, String description, Integer seller) {
this.name = name;
this.price = price;
this.unit = unit;
this.category = category;
this.description = description;
this.seller = seller;
} @Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = IDENTITY) @Column(name = "Id", unique = true, nullable = false)
public Integer getId() {
return this.id;
} public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
} @Column(name = "name", length = 100)
public String getName() {
return this.name;
} public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} @Column(name = "price", precision = 11)
public Double getPrice() {
return this.price;
} public void setPrice(Double price) {
this.price = price;
} @Column(name = "unit", length = 50)
public String getUnit() {
return this.unit;
} public void setUnit(String unit) {
this.unit = unit;
} @Column(name = "category", length = 100)
public String getCategory() {
return this.category;
} public void setCategory(String category) {
this.category = category;
} @Column(name = "description", length = 1000)
public String getDescription() {
return this.description;
} public void setDescription(String description) {
this.description = description;
} @Column(name = "seller")
public Integer getSeller() {
return this.seller;
} public void setSeller(Integer seller) {
this.seller = seller;
} }
使用@Entity注解,表示当前类为实体Bean,需要进行持久化,使用@Table注解实现数据表 commodity 与持久化类Commodity之间的映射,@Id注解指定当前持久化类的ID属性,使用@GeneratedValue注解指定ID表示生成器,使用@Column注解指定当前属性所对应的数据表中的字段,name指定字段名;unique指定是否为唯一,nullable指定是否可为null。
6.在hibernate.cfg.xml中配置映射信息
<mapping class="com.zzh.Commodity"/>
一定要注意mapping后面是class,如果是配置*.hbm.xml就是resource。
7.添加会话工厂类HibernateUtil以获取Session
package com.zzh.utl; import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration; public class HibernateUtil {
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
private static Session session; static {
// 创建Configuration对象,读取hibernate.cfg.xml文件,完成初始化
Configuration config = new Configuration().configure();
StandardServiceRegistryBuilder ssrb = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder()
.applySettings(config.getProperties());
StandardServiceRegistry ssr=ssrb.build();
sessionFactory=config.buildSessionFactory(ssr);
} //获取SessionFactory
public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory(){
return sessionFactory;
} //获取Session
public static Session getSession(){
session=sessionFactory.openSession();
return session;
} //关闭Session
public static void closeSession(Session session){
if(session!=null){
session.close();
}
}
}
8.用JUnit创建一个类ZhuShi.java用于测试
package anno; import static org.junit.Assert.*; import java.util.List; import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.hibernate.annotations.*; import com.zzh.Commodity;
import com.zzh.utl.HibernateUtil; public class ZhuShi {
Session session = null;
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
} @After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
session.close();
} @Test
public void test() {
String hql = " from Commodity ";
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
List<Commodity> c = query.list();
for (Commodity commodity : c) {
System.out.println("name"+commodity.getName());
}
} }
9.整个文件已经形成
运行测试,得到结果
10.总结
原来大量的*.hbm.xml文件不再需要了,所有的配置都通过Annotation注解直接在持久化类中配置完成。
11.个人想法
之前我有过不用注解后来因为路径调试半天的经历,那时自己也是笨,我就跟大家讲讲;我当时也是用反向工程生成实体类,还有*.hbm.xml文件,当时的hbm.xml文件如下所示:(注意看我红笔画出的部分)
由于是工具帮我生成的我也没在意,然后高高兴兴去配置cfg.xml文件去了(如下所示):
全部文件如下所示:
以为一切顺利,便用JUnit进行测试:
实体类无法找到,坑爹呀,我都是按工具一步一步来的呀,为什么会这样,后来才发现*.hbm.xml中class便签中name出错了,必须加上包名才行:
再进行测试:
总算成功了,这不代表*.hbm.xml不好,其实主要还是怪自己经验不足,乱用工具,初学者还是多用*.hbm.xml文件要好,毕竟能更好掌握其中的元素和映射信息与方式,不过就以后熟练后,还是用注释更为简洁和方便管理。
如果你觉得还不错,请继续关注我或帮我点赞,谢谢观看!
---参考资料《Struts2+Spring3+Hibernate框架技术精讲与整合案例》