Java进阶知识05 Hibernate联合主键之Annotation(注解)和XML实现方式

时间:2022-02-02 19:38:26

1、Hibernate联合主键(Annotation实现)

1.1、单列主键

1.1.1、为什么要有主键? //唯一确定一条记录
    1.1.2、一个表能否有多个主键? //不能
    1.1.3、为什么把id设为主键? //如果有其他的方式可以作为主键,id可以不要
    1.1.4、主键生成策略:
        identity:自增长,对DB2,MySQL, MS SQL Server, Sybase和HypersonicSQL的内置标识字段提供支持。 返回的标识符是long, short 或者int类型的。
        sequence:自增长,在DB2,PostgreSQL, Oracle, SAP DB, McKoi中使用序列(sequence), 而在Interbase中使用生成器(generator)。返回的标识符是long, short或者 int类型的。
        native:自增长,根据底层数据库的能力选择identity, sequence 或者hilo中的一个。如果是mysql,自动选择identity,如果是oracle,自动选择sequence 。
        increment:自增长,只有在没有其他进程往同一张表中插入数据时才能使用。 在集群下不要使用
        assigned:指定主键生成策略
        uuid:随机生成唯一值(String类型)

1.2、联合主键类必须要序列化,并重写equals和hashCode方法

主键类为什么要序列化?如果多个该类对象同时放入内存中,在一个集群系统中,其中一台服务器如果down机了,需要将内存中对象写到其它服务器。同时,如果该服务器内存已满,需要用虚拟内存,这就需要序列化后才能写到硬盘上。

1.3、注解

@Entity
    @Table(name=”XXXX”)  //类名和表名一样,可省略不写
    @Column(.....)
     A.实现方式一:将联合主键类注解为@Embeddable、将对象中联合主键注解为@Id
     B.实现方式二:在对象中把联合主键引用注解为@EmbeddedId
     C.实现方式三:在对象中包含联合主键的字段、并将其都注解为@Id,并在该对象类上注解@IdClass(联合主键类.class)

1.4、实例

1.4.1、创建一个实体类Student和StudentPK:联合主键类序列化,重写equals和hashCode方法

StudentPK  实体类:

 package com.shore.entity;

 import java.io.Serializable;

 import javax.persistence.Entity;

 /**
* @author DSHORE/2019-9-16
*
*/ @Entity
public class StudentPK implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2060041603022800114L; //序列化 // name+address作为联合主键
private String name;
private String address; public StudentPK() {
super();
}
public StudentPK(String name, String address) {
super();
this.name = name;
this.address = address;
} public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
} public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
} //联合主键类序列化,重写equals和hashCode方法
@Override
public boolean equals(Object object) {
// instanceof——判断左边对象是否为右边对象的实例
if (object instanceof StudentPK) {
StudentPK pk = (StudentPK) object;
if (this.name.equals(pk.getName())
&& this.address.equals(pk.getAddress())) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
} @Override
public int hashCode() {
return this.name.hashCode();
}
}

Student 实体类:

 package com.shore.entity;

 import java.io.Serializable;

 import javax.persistence.EmbeddedId;
import javax.persistence.Entity; import org.hibernate.annotations.Type; /**
* @author DSHORE/2019-9-16
*
*/ @Entity
public class Student implements Serializable {
//对应的Student对象类建议也要序列化,但是可以不重写equals和hashCode方法
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2924879320015689901L; private StudentPK keys;//联合主键 别名
private Boolean sex;
private String hobby; public Student() {
super();
}
public Student(StudentPK keys, Boolean sex, String hobby) {
super();
this.keys = keys;
this.sex = sex;
this.hobby = hobby;
} @EmbeddedId //指定keys为联合主键
public StudentPK getKeys() {
return keys;
}
public void setKeys(StudentPK keys) {
this.keys = keys;
} @Type(type = "yes_no") //数据库中,会以Y/N的形式插入到sex字段中
public Boolean getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(Boolean sex) {
this.sex = sex;
} public String getHobby() {
return hobby;
}
public void setHobby(String hobby) {
this.hobby = hobby;
}
}

1.4.2、创建hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件

 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- Database connection settings -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">123456</property> <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property> <!-- <mapping resource="com/shore/entity/Student.hbm.xml"/> -->
<mapping class="com.shore.entity.Student" />
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

联合主键,MySQL数据库的写法:(本文不需要手动创建数据表,是自动创建的,下面的MySQL建表脚本,仅提供参考)

 CREATE TABLE student(
name VARCHAR(20),
address VARCHAR(100),
sex BOOLEAN,
hobby VARCHAR(60),
PRIMARY KEY(name,address) -- 联合主键
)

1.4.3、创建测试类CompositeKeyTest ,开始测试:

 package com.shore.test;

 import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test; import com.shore.entity.Student;
import com.shore.entity.StudentPK; /**
* @author DSHORE/2019-9-16
*
*/
public class CompositeKeyTest {
public static SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
public static Session session = null; @BeforeClass
public static void buildSessionFactory() {
//联合主键之Annotation实现,用的是AnnotationConfiguration方法
sessionFactory = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
} @AfterClass
public static void close() {
session.close();
sessionFactory.close();
} @Test
public void test() {
session = sessionFactory.openSession();//打开一个session
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();//开启事务
Student student = new Student(new StudentPK("zhansan", "xxxxxx"), true, "yundong");
session.save(student);
transaction.commit();//提交事务
}
}

1.4.4、测试结果图:

Java进阶知识05 Hibernate联合主键之Annotation(注解)和XML实现方式

Java进阶知识05 Hibernate联合主键之Annotation(注解)和XML实现方式      Java进阶知识05 Hibernate联合主键之Annotation(注解)和XML实现方式

2、Hibernate联合主键(XML实现)

代码和上面的全部一样,不一样的地方如下所示:

2.1、首先,注解得全部去掉。

2.2、多了一个配置文件:student.hbm.xml

 <?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="com.shore.entity">
<class name="Student">
<composite-id name="keys">
<key-property name="name"/>
<key-property name="address"/>
</composite-id>
<property name="sex" type="java.lang.Boolean"/>
<property name="hobby" type="java.lang.String"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

2.3、最后在hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件中引入“student.hbm.xml”文件即可

 <?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
2 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
6 <hibernate-configuration>
7 <session-factory> <!-- Database connection settings -->
9 <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
10 <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school</property>
11 <property name="connection.username">root</property> <property name="connection.password">123456</property>
14 <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
15 <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.NoCacheProvider</property>
16 <property name="show_sql">true</property>
17 <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">create</property>
19 <mapping resource="com/shore/entity/Student.hbm.xml"/>
20 <!-- <mapping class="com.shore.entity.Student" /> -->
21 </session-factory>
22 </hibernate-configuration>

2.4、还有sessionFactory创建方式不一样:

 package com.shore.test;

 import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test; import com.shore.entity.Student;
import com.shore.entity.StudentPK; /**
* @author DSHORE/2019-9-16
*
*/
public class CompositeKeyTest2 {
public static SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
public static Session session = null; @BeforeClass
public static void buildSessionFactory() {
//联合主键之xml实现,用的是Configuration()方法
sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); //之前用的是:AnnotationConfiguration()
} @AfterClass
public static void close() {
session.close();
sessionFactory.close();
} @Test
public void test() {
session = sessionFactory.openSession();//打开一个session
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();//开启事务
Student student = new Student(new StudentPK("zhansan", "xxxxxx"), true, "yundong");
session.save(student);
transaction.commit();//提交事务
}
}

Java进阶知识05 Hibernate联合主键之Annotation(注解)和XML实现方式

原创作者:DSHORE

作者主页:http://www.cnblogs.com/dshore123/

原文出自:https://www.cnblogs.com/dshore123/p/11528059.html

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