1 HttpClient简介
在JDK中java.net包下提供了用户HTTP访问的基本功能,但是它缺少灵活性或许多应用所需要的功能。
HttpClient起初是Apache Jakarta Common 的子项目。用来提供高效的、最新的、功能丰富的支持 HTTP 协议的客户端编程工具包,并且它支持 HTTP 协议最新的版本。2007年成为*项目。
通俗解释:HttpClient可以实现使用Java代码完成标准HTTP请求及响应。
2 代码实现
2.1 服务端
新建项目HttpClientServer
2.1.1 新建控制器
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com.mrshun.controller.DemoController
@Controller
public class DemoController {
@RequestMapping ( "/demo" )
@ResponseBody
public String demo(String param){
return "demo" +param;
}
}
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2.1.2 新建启动器
新建启动器
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com.mrshun.HttpClientServerApplication
@SpringBootApplication
public class HttpClientServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HttpClientServerApplication. class ,args);
}
}
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2.2 客户端
新建HttpClientDemo项目
2.2.1 添加依赖
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< dependencies >
< dependency >
< groupId >org.apache.httpcomponents</ groupId >
< artifactId >httpclient</ artifactId >
< version >4.5.10</ version >
</ dependency >
</ dependencies >
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2.2.2 新建类
新建com.mrshun.HttpClientDemo,编写主方法。
2.2.2.1 使用GET方法访问
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public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//创建http工具(理解成:浏览器) 发起请求,解析响应
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//请求路径
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder( "http://localhost:8080/demo" );
uriBuilder.addParameter( "param" , "get123" );
//创建HttpGet请求对象
HttpGet get = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
//创建响应对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(get);
//由于响应体是字符串,因此把HttpEntity类型转换为字符串类型,并设置字符编码
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8" );
//输出结果
System.out.println(result);
//释放资源
response.close();
httpClient.close();
} catch (URISyntaxException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
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2.2.2.2 使用POST方式访问
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public class HttpClientDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//创建http工具(理解成:浏览器) 发起请求,解析响应
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建HttpPOST请求对象
HttpPost post = new HttpPost( "http://localhost:8080/demo" );
//所有请求参数
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<>();
params.add( new BasicNameValuePair( "param" , "123" ));
//创建HttpEntity接口的文本实现类的对象,放入参数并设置编码
HttpEntity httpEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "utf-8" );
//放入到HttpPost对象中
post.setEntity(httpEntity);
//创建响应对象
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
//由于响应体是字符串,因此把HttpEntity类型转换为字符串类型
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
//输出结果
System.out.println(result);
//释放资源
response.close();
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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3. Jackson用法
3.1 把对象转换为json字符串
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ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
People peo = new People();
objectMapper.writeValueAsString(peo);
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3.2 把json字符串转换为对象
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ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
People peo = objectMapper.readValue(content, People. class );
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3.3 把json字符串转换为List集合
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ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
JavaType javaType = objectMapper.getTypeFactory().constructParametricType(List. class , People. class );
List<People> list = objectMapper.readValue(content, javaType);
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4 HttpClient请求包含JSON
4.1 java代码实现
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public class HttpClientDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
HttpPost post = new HttpPost( "http://localhost:8080/demo" );
HttpEntity httpEntity= null ;
String json = "{}" ;
StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
post.setEntity(entity);
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(post);
String result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity());
System.out.println(result);
response.close();
httpClient.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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5 控制器接口参数
@RequestBody把请求体中流数据转换为指定的对象。多用在请求参数是json数据且请求的Content-Type=”application/json”
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@RequestMapping ( "/demo4" )
@ResponseBody
public String demo4( @RequestBody List<People> list) {
System.out.println(list);
return list.toString();
}
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6 Ajax发送json参数写法
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var json = '[{"id":123,"name":"mrshun"},{"id":123,"name":"zhangyongshun"}]' ;
$.ajax({
url: '/demo5' ,
type: 'post' ,
success: function (data){
alert(data);
for ( var i = 0 ;i<data.length;i++){
alert(data[i].id + " " +data[i].name);
}
},
contentType: 'application/json' , //请求体中内容类型
dataType: 'json' , //响应内容类型。
data:json
});
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7 跨域
- 跨域:协议、ip、端口中只要有一个不同就是跨域请求。
- 同源策略:浏览器默认只允许ajax访问同源(协议、ip、端口都相同)内容。
解决同源策略:
在控制器接口上添加@CrossOrigin。表示允许跨域。本质在响应头中添加Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
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var json = '[{"id":123,"name":"mrshun"},{"id":456,"name":"zhangyongshun"}]' ;
$.ajax({
url: '/demo5' ,
type: 'post' ,
success: function (data){
alert(data);
for ( var i = 0 ;i<data.length;i++){
alert(data[i].id + " " +data[i].name);
}
},
contentType: 'application/json' , //请求体中内容类型
dataType: 'json' , //响应内容类型。
data:json
});
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_46144237/article/details/120751147