这篇文章主要介绍了Python插入Elasticsearch操作方法解析,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
在用scrapy做爬虫的时候,需要将数据存入的es中。网上找了两种方法,照葫芦画瓢也能出来,暂记下来:
首先安装了es,版本是5.6.1的较早版本
用pip安装与es版本相对的es相关包
pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0
方法一:
以下是pipelines.py模块的完整代码
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import chardet
class SinafinancespiderPipeline( object ):
def process_item( self , item, spider):
return item
# 写入到es中,需要在settings中启用这个类 ExchangeratespiderESPipeline
# 需要安装pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0 注意与es版本需要对应
from elasticsearch_dsl import Date,Nested,Boolean,analyzer,Completion,Keyword,Text,Integer,DocType
from elasticsearch_dsl.connections import connections
connections.create_connection(hosts = [ '192.168.52.138' ])
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
es = Elasticsearch()
class AticleType(DocType):
page_from = Keyword()
# domain报错
domain = Keyword()
cra_url = Keyword()
spider = Keyword()
cra_time = Keyword()
page_release_time = Keyword()
page_title = Text(analyzer = "ik_max_word" )
page_content = Text(analyzer = "ik_max_word" )
class Meta:
index = "scrapy"
doc_type = "sinafinance"
# 以下settings和mappings都没起作用,暂且记下
settings = {
"number_of_shards" : 3 ,
}
mappings = {
'_id' :{ 'path' : 'cra_url' }
}
class ExchangeratespiderESPipeline(DocType):
from elasticsearch5 import Elasticsearch
ES = [ '192.168.52.138:9200' ]
es = Elasticsearch(ES,sniff_on_start = True )
def process_item( self , item, spider):
spider.logger.info( "-----enter into insert ES" )
article = AticleType()
article.page_from = item[ 'page_from' ]
article.domain = item[ 'domain' ]
article.cra_url = item[ 'cra_url' ]
article.spider = item[ 'spider' ]
article.cra_time = item[ 'cra_time' ]
article.page_release_time = item[ 'page_release_time' ]
article.page_title = item[ 'page_title' ]
article.page_content = item[ 'page_content' ]
article.save()
return item
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以上方法能将数据写入es,但是如果重复爬取的话,会重复插入数据,因为 主键 ”_id” 是ES自己产生的,找不到自定义_id的入口。于是放弃。
方法二:实现自定义主键写入,覆盖插入
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
from elasticsearch5 import Elasticsearch
class SinafinancespiderPipeline( object ):
def process_item( self , item, spider):
return item
# 写入到es中,需要在settings中启用这个类 ExchangeratespiderESPipeline
# 需要安装pip install elasticsearch-dsl==5.1.0 注意与es版本需要对应
class SinafinancespiderESPipeline():
def __init__( self ):
self .ES = [ '192.168.52.138:9200' ]
# 创建es客户端
self .es = Elasticsearch(
self .ES,
# 启动前嗅探es集群服务器
sniff_on_start = True ,
# es集群服务器结点连接异常时是否刷新es结点信息
sniff_on_connection_fail = True ,
# 每60秒刷新节点信息
sniffer_timeout = 60
)
def process_item( self , item, spider):
spider.logger.info( "-----enter into insert ES" )
doc = {
'page_from' : item[ 'page_from' ],
'domain' : item[ 'domain' ],
'spider' : item[ 'spider' ],
'page_release_time' : item[ 'page_release_time' ],
'page_title' : item[ 'page_title' ],
'page_content' : item[ 'page_content' ],
'cra_url' : item[ 'cra_url' ],
'cra_time' : item[ 'cra_time' ]
}
self .es.index(index = 'scrapy' , doc_type = 'sinafinance' , body = doc, id = item[ 'cra_url' ])
return item
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搜索数据的方法:
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# 字典形式设置body
query = {
'query' : {
'bool' : {
'must' : [
{ 'match' : { '_all' : 'python web' }}
],
'filter' : [
{ 'term' : { 'status' : 2}}
]
}
}
}
ret = es.search(index= 'articles' , doc_type= 'article' , body=query)
# 查询数据
data = es.search(index= 'articles' , doc_type= 'article' , body=body)
print(data)
# 增加
es.index(...)
# 修改
es.update(...)
# 删除
es.delete()
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完成后
在settings.py模块中注册自定义的类
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ITEM_PIPELINES = {
# 'sinafinancespider.pipelines.SinafinancespiderPipeline': 300,
'sinafinancespider.pipelines.SinafinancespiderESPipeline' : 300,
}
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以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持服务器之家。
原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/yoyowin/p/12209706.html