ι 版权声明:本文为博主原创文章,未经博主允许不得转载。
Looper在Android的消息机制中就是用来进行消息循环的。它会不停地循环,去MessageQueue中查看是否有新消息,如果有消息就立刻处理该消息,否则就一直等待。
Looper中有一个属性:
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
这也就解释了,前面我们所说的我们可以通过ThreadLocal实现Looper在线程中的存取。
除此之外,还有两个属性需要注意:
final MessageQueue mQueue;
final Thread mThread;
下面我们先看下Looper的构造函数:
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
在构造函数中,创建了一个MessageQueue消息队列,并且将当前线程的对象保存了起来。
接下来看loop方法,只有调用了loop方法后,消息循环系统才真正地起到了作用。
/**
* Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call
* {@link #quit()} to end the loop.
*/
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
} // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
} final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
}
try {
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
} finally {
if (traceTag != 0) {
Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
}
} if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
} // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
} msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
loop方法中首先调用了myLooper方法:
/**
* Return the Looper object associated with the current thread. Returns
* null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper.
*/
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}
myLooper方法会返回与当前线程相关联的Looper对象。如果当前线程没有关联任何Looper对象的话,该方法则返回null。
查看loop方法的源码,可以知道,当当前线程没有关联任何Looper对象时,loop方法会抛出运行时异常,提示当前线程中没有Looper。若想解决该问题,可以在loop方法被调用前,先执行Looper.prepare()方法,创建一个looper对象。继续看loop方法的源码,可以看到该方法是一个死循环,唯一可以跳出该循环的方法就是queue.next()返回的对象为null。在上面的文章中,我们分析过,queue.next()即读取MessageQueue中的消息,next()方法返回null,说明MessageQueue中没有Message,即该MessgaeQueue调用了quit方法。那么何时MessageQueue会调用quit方法呢?来看下Looper的quit方法:
public void quit() {
mQueue.quit(false);
}
以及Looper的quitSafely方法:
public void quitSafely() {
mQueue.quit(true);
}
Looper的quit方法和quitSafely方法都会导致MessageQueue调用quit方法,所以当不需要Looper的时候,建议调用Looper的quit()方法或quitSafely()方法,以避免loop方法无限循环下去。
要想知道Looper的quit方法和quitSafely方法的区别,我们看下MessgaeQueue的quit方法:
void quit(boolean safe) {
if (!mQuitAllowed) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Main thread not allowed to quit.");
} synchronized (this) {
if (mQuitting) {
return;
}
mQuitting = true; if (safe) {
removeAllFutureMessagesLocked();
} else {
removeAllMessagesLocked();
} // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting was previously false.
nativeWake(mPtr);
}
}
安全退出,则调用removeAllFutureMessagesLocked()方法,该方法会设定一个标记,当消息队列中的已有消息全部处理完毕后才会安全退出;quit则会调用removeAllMessagesLocked(),直接退出。
下面接着看loop方法,重点看这一句:
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
在Android的消息机制概述中,我们已经说过,target是Message的一个属性,其类型为Handler,msg.target也就是发送这条消息的对象。由此一来,Handler发送的Message最终又交给了它自己来调用dispatchMessage方法来处理,但是dispatchMessage方法是在Looper的loop方法中被调用的,那么Looper的loop方法是在哪里执行的呢?在创建Handler时所在的线程中执行的。
ActivityThread(主线程)在创建时,会初始化Looper,所以我们可以在主线程中直接使用Handler,当需要更新UI时,可以通过Handler发送消息,最后就可以回到主线程去更新UI啦,啦啦啦。
除此之外,Looper还提供了一些其他的方法,例如prepareMainLooper方法:
/**
* Initialize the current thread as a looper, marking it as an
* application's main looper. The main looper for your application
* is created by the Android environment, so you should never need
* to call this function yourself. See also: {@link #prepare()}
*/
public static void prepareMainLooper() {
prepare(false);
synchronized (Looper.class) {
if (sMainLooper != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
}
sMainLooper = myLooper();
}
}
该方法会实例化当前线程作为一个looper,但是是主线程的looper啦。Android系统会为我们创建主线程的looper,我们也不需要自己手动去调用该方法了。该方法的实质还是通过prepare方法实现的。
再如getMainLooper方法:
/**
* Returns the application's main looper, which lives in the main thread of the application.
*/
public static Looper getMainLooper() {
synchronized (Looper.class) {
return sMainLooper;
}
}
该方法使得我们可以在任何地方获取到主线程的Looper了。