1，针对mysql操作
1 SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpass'); 设置密码
2 update user set password=passworD("test") where user='root';修改密码
3 flush privileges;
4 grant all on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'your_password';
5 mysql> select user,password,host from mysql.user;
6 +------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
7 | user | password | host |
8 +------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
9 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | localhost |
10 | root | | 127.0.0.1 |
11 | root | | ::1 |
12 | | | localhost |
13 | repl | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | 10.0.5.44 |
14 | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 | 10.0.5.44 |
15 +------+-------------------------------------------+-----------+
16 当设定密码后，如果要想更改密码如何操作呢？
17 mysqladmin -u root -p password "123456789"
18 Enter password:
19 输入原来root的密码就可以更改密码了。
20 【连接数据库】
21 刚刚讲过通过使用mysql -u root -p 就可以连接数据库了，但这只是连接的本地的数据库’localhost’，然后有很多时候都是去连接网络中的某一个主机上的mysql。
22 mysql -u user1 -p –P 3306 -h 10.0.2.69
23 其中-P（大写）指定远程主机mysql的绑定端口，默认都是3306；-h指定远程主机的IP
24
25 3. 查看某个表的字段
26 mysql> desc func; //func 是表名
27 +-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
28 | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
29 +-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
30 | name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
31 | ret | tinyint(1) | NO | | 0 | |
32 | dl | char(128) | NO | | | |
33 | type | enum('function','aggregate') | NO | | NULL | |
34 +-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
35 4. 查看某个表的表结构（创建表时的详细结构）
36 mysql> show create table func;
37 |Table | CreateTable |
38 | func | CREATE TABLE `func` (
39 `name` char(64) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL default '',
40 `ret` tinyint(1) NOT NULL default '0',
41 `dl` char(128) collate utf8_bin NOT NULL default '',
42 `type` enum('function','aggregate') character set utf8 NOT NULL,
43 PRIMARY KEY (`name`)
44 ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='User defined functions' |
45 +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
46
47 5. 查看当前是哪个用户
48 mysql> select user();
49 +----------------+
50 | user() |
51 +----------------+
52 | root@localhost |
53 +----------------+
54 6. 查看当前所在数据库
55 mysql> select database();
56 +------------+
57 | database() |
58 +------------+
59 | mysql |
60 +------------+
61 7. 创建一个新库
62 mysql> create database db1;
63 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
64 8. 创建一个表
65 mysql> create table t1 ( `id` int(4), `name` char(40));
66 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
67 mysql> desc t1;
68 +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
69 | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
70 +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
71 | id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | |
72 | name | char(40) | YES | | NULL | |
73 +-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
74 9. 查看当前数据库版本
75 mysql> select version();
76 +-----------+
77 | version() |
78 +-----------+
79 | 5.0.86 |
80 +-----------+
81 10. 查看当前系统时间
82 mysql> select current_date, current_time;
83 +--------------+--------------+
84 | current_date | current_time |
85 +--------------+--------------+
86 | 2011-05-31 | 08:52:50 |
87 +--------------+--------------+
88 11. 查看当前mysql的状态
89 mysql> show status;
90 +-----------------------------------+----------+
91 | Variable_name | Value |
92 +-----------------------------------+----------+
93 | Aborted_clients | 0 |
94 | Aborted_connects | 1 |
95 | Binlog_cache_disk_use | 0 |
96 | Binlog_cache_use | 0 |
97 | Bytes_received | 664 |
98 | Bytes_sent | 6703 |
99 这个命令打出很多东西，显示你的mysql状态。
100 12. 查看mysql的参数
101 mysql> show variables;
102 很多参数都是可以在/etc/my.cnf中定义的。
103 13. 创建一个普通用户并授权
104 mysql> grant all on *.* to user1 identified by '123456';
105 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
106 all 表示所有的权限（读、写、查询、删除等等操作），*.*前面的*表示所有的数据库，后面的*表示所有的表，identified by 后面跟密码，用单引号括起来。这里的user1指的是localhost上的user1，如果是给网络上的其他机器上的某个用户授权则这样：
107 mysql> grant all on db1.* to 'user2'@'10.0.2.100' identified by '123456';
108 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
109 用户和主机的IP之间有一个@，另外主机IP那里可以用%替代，表示所有主机。例如：
110 mysql> grant all on db1.* to 'user3'@'%' identified by '123456';
111 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
112 【一些常用的sql】
113 1. 查询语句
114 mysql> select count(*) from mysql.user;
115 mysql.user表示mysql库的user表；count(*)表示表*有多少行。
116 mysql> select * from mysql.db;
117 查询mysql库的db表中的所有数据
118 mysql> select db from mysql.db;
119 查询mysql库db表的db段。
120 mysql> select * from mysql.db where host like '10.0.%';
121 查询mysql库db表host字段like 10.0.% 的行，这里的%表示匹配所有，类似于前面介绍的通配符。
122 2. 插入一行
123 mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1, 'abc');
124 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
125 t1表在前面已经创建过。
126 mysql> select * from db1.t1;
127 +------+------+
128 | id | name |
129 +------+------+
130 | 1 | abc |
131 +------+------+
132 3. 更改某一行
133 mysql> update db1.t1 set name='aaa' where id=1;
134 Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
135 Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
136 这样就把原来id为1的那行中的name改成’aaa’
137 4. 删除表
138 mysql> drop table db1.t1;
139 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
140 5. 删除数据库
141 mysql> drop database db1;
142 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
143 6. 备份与恢复库
144 mysqldump -uroot -p mysql >mysql.sql
145 这里的mysqldump 就是备份的工具了，-p后面的mysql指的是mysql库,把备份的文件重定向到mysql.sql。如果恢复的话，只要：
146 mysql -uroot -p mysql < mysql.sql
2.python链接数据库并执行备份
1 import pymysql
2 import os, sys, tarfile, datetime, re, time, subprocess
3
4 Date = time.strftime('%Y%m%d_%H-%M')
5 print(Date)
6
7 flage = None
8 Flage = None
9
10 class mysql_backup(object):
11 def __init__(self,res,host,user,pwd,gamedb,path):
12 self.res = res
13 self.host = host
14 self.user = user
15 self.pwd = pwd
16 self.gamedb = gamedb
17 self.path = path
18
19 def connect(self):
20 f = open(self.path + "errlog_db.log","a+",encoding="utf-8")
21 try:
22 conn = pymysql.connect(host=self.host, user=self.user, passwd=self.pwd, db=self.gamedb)
23 print("connect ok")
24 global flage
25 flage = True
26 except Exception as e:
27 f.write(Date + ':' + 'connect to mysqldb error!!!' + '\n')
28 sys.exit()
29 conn.close()
30 f.close()
31
32 def sqlfile(self):
33 global flage, Flage
34 if flage:
35 f = open(self.path + "errlog_db.log", "a+", encoding="utf-8")
36 try:
37 os.system('%s -u%s -p%s -h%s %s >> %sgamedb.sql' % (self.res,self.user,self.pwd,self.host,self.gamedb,self.path))
38 tarsql = tarfile.open( self.path + Date + '.tar', 'w')
39 tarsql.add(self.path + 'gamedb.sql',arcname= Date + ".gamedb.sql")
40 tarsql.close()
41 Flage = True
42 print("sqlfile ok %s" % self.user)
43 except Exception as e:
44 f.write(Date + ':' + 'sqlfile to tar error!!!' + '\n')
45 sys.exit()
46 f.close()
47
48 def refile(self):
49 global flage, Flage
50 if flage and Flage:
51 if os.path.isfile(self.path + 'gamedb.sql'):
52 os.system("rm -f" + " " + self.path + "gamedb.sql")
53 print("refiel ok")
54
55 def errlog(self):
56 if os.path.isdir(self.path) is False:
57 os.makedirs(self.path)
58 print("path ok")
59 if os.path.isfile(self.path + 'errlog_db.log') is False:
60 os.system("touch" + " " + self.path + "errlog_db.log")
61 print("errlog ok")
62
63 def oldfile(self):
64 settime= (datetime.datetime.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)).strftime('%Y%m%d') #获取到30天前的时间
65 settime = int(settime)
66
67 for dirpath,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(self.path):
68 for file in filenames:
69 if file != 'errlog_db.log':
70 filetime = time.strftime('%Y%m%d', time.localtime(os.stat(self.path + file).st_ctime)) #获取文件时间
71 filetime = int(filetime)
72 print(file)
73 if settime == filetime:
74 os.remove(self.path + file)
75
76 #需要你手动更改打开的文件位置，注意#行需要更改
77 def config():
78 file = open("start", "r", encoding="utf-8") #打开文件位置
79 host = re.findall(r'-db_host="(\w.*?)"', file.read())
80 str_host = ''.join(host)
81 file.close()
82
83 file = open("start","r",encoding="utf-8")
84 dbname = re.findall(r'-db_name="(\w.*?)"',file.read()) #打开文件位置
85 str_dbname = ''.join(dbname)
86 file.close()
87
88 res = subprocess.Popen("which mysqldump", shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
89 res = res.stdout.read().decode().strip()
90
91 parameter = mysql_backup(res,str_host,'root','123456',str_dbname,r'/data/backup_db/') #用户，密码需要更改，路径
92 parameter.errlog()
93 parameter.connect()
94 parameter.sqlfile()
95 parameter.refile()
96 parameter.oldfile()
97
98 if __name__ == "__main__":
99 config()
3.redis操作。。。。