我初学python，有不对之处望大家指教。转载请征得同意。
我在网络上也找了一些2048游戏代码的讲解，但都不是特别详细。所以我希望能够尽量详细的讲解。同时，有的地方我也不懂，希望大家能帮助补充。我会随时更新以方便后来者。
当然，需要一定的python基础再看此实例。
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import curses
from random import randrange, choice
from collections import defaultdict
# 引入3个扩展包 letter_codes = [ord(ch) for ch in 'WASDRQwasdrq']
actions = ['Up', 'Left', 'Down', 'Right', 'Restart', 'Exit']
actions_dict = dict(zip(letter_codes, actions * 2))
# 创建我们将要用的键盘输入字典，这个字典将在后边通过第18行的
# keyboard.getch()
# 而这个方法被封装成一个函数，调用函数以实现该方法。 def get_user_action(keyboard):
char = "N"
while char not in actions_dict:
char = keyboard.getch()
return actions_dict[char]
# 键盘输入以匹配字典的方法 def transpose(field):
return [list(row) for row in zip(*field)]
# 矩阵转置，
# 这是一个数学方法，如望详细了解，请先了解矩阵
# 对于初学者，比较推荐暂时忽略。 def invert(field):
return [row[::-1] for row in field]
# 矩阵逆转，同上 class GameField(object):
def __init__(self, height=4, width=4, win=2048):
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.win_value = 2048
self.score = 0
self.highscore = 0
self.reset()
# 定义类的__init__方法，为初始化方法 def reset(self):
if self.score > self.highscore:
self.highscore = self.score
self.score = 0
self.field = [[0 for i in range(self.width)] for j in range(self.height)]
self.spawn()
self.spawn()
# 重置方法，虽然命名为reset，但是初始化也同样使用该方法。
# 如果你觉得命名为set更合适，请改为set。
# 这个方法中使用了spawn()函数，这个函数放在了后边，
# spawn()函数的功能是生成新的数字，reset()需要生成两次。 def move(self, direction):
# 最重要的3个函数之一
def move_row_left(row):
def tighten(row):
new_row = [i for i in row if i != 0]
new_row += [0 for i in range(len(row) - len(new_row))]
return new_row def merge(row):
pair = False
new_row = []
for i in range(len(row)):
if pair:
new_row.append(2 * row[i])
self.score += 2 * row[i]
pair = False
else:
if i + 1 < len(row) and row[i] == row[i + 1]:
pair = True
new_row.append(0)
else:
new_row.append(row[i])
assert len(new_row) == len(row)
return new_row
return tighten(merge(tighten(row)))
#这里可以有不同的写法，就是tighten一次，merge一次。在merge的时候没必要加0了。
# 欢迎大家把好的方法发给我，谢谢。http://www.cnblogs.com/danjawwi/
# def merge(row):
# pair = False
# new_row = []
# for i in range(len(row)):
# if pair:
# new_row.append(2 * row[i])
# self.score += 2 * row[i]
# pair = False
# else:
# if i + 1 < len(row) and row[i] == row[i + 1]:
# pair = True
# else:
# new_row.append(row[i])
# new_row += [0 for j in range(len(row) - len(new_row))]
# return new_row
#
# return merge(tighten(row)) moves = {}
moves['Left'] = lambda field: \
[move_row_left(row) for row in field]
moves['Right'] = lambda field: \
invert(moves['Left'](invert(field)))
moves['Up'] = lambda field: \
transpose(moves['Left'](transpose(field)))
moves['Down'] = lambda field: \
transpose(moves['Right'](transpose(field)))
# 这里把row的迭代放在了方法外边，在对应字典值这里实现了。也可以放在方法里边 if direction in moves:
if self.move_is_possible(direction):
self.field = moves[direction](self.field)
self.spawn()
return True
else:
return False def is_win(self):
return any(any(i >= self.win_value for i in row) for row in self.field)
#判断是否赢 def is_gameover(self):
return not any(self.move_is_possible(move) for move in actions)
# 判断是否输 def draw(self, screen):
# 最重要的3个函数之一
help_string1 = '(W)Up (S)Down (A)Left (D)Right'
help_string2 = ' (R)Restart (Q)Exit'
gameover_string = ' GAME OVER'
win_string = ' YOU WIN!'
def cast(string):
screen.addstr(string + '\n') def draw_hor_separator():
line = '+' + ('+------' * self.width + '+')[1:]
#不明白为什么这里要这样写
#直接line = '+------' * self.width + '+' 不行吗？
#http://www.cnblogs.com/danjawwi/ separator = defaultdict(lambda: line)
if not hasattr(draw_hor_separator, "counter"):
draw_hor_separator.counter = 0
cast(separator[draw_hor_separator.counter])
draw_hor_separator.counter += 1
#这里我也不明白，直接根据self.height输出不就行了？ def draw_row(row):
cast(''.join('|{: ^5} '.format(num) if num > 0 else '| ' for num in row) + '|')
#用到了join 和 format这两种方法。
screen.clear()
cast('SCORE: ' + str(self.score))
if 0 != self.highscore:
cast('HGHSCORE: ' + str(self.highscore))
for row in self.field:
draw_hor_separator()
draw_row(row)
draw_hor_separator()
if self.is_win():
cast(win_string)
else:
if self.is_gameover():
cast(gameover_string)
else:
cast(help_string1)
cast(help_string2) def spawn(self):
new_element = 4 if randrange(100) > 89 else 2
(i,j) = choice([(i,j) for i in range(self.width) for j in range(self.height) if self.field[i][j] == 0])
self.field[i][j] = new_element
#迭代器既可以根据层级来进行迭代，也可以在同层中迭代两次 def move_is_possible(self, direction):
# 最重要的3个函数之一
def row_is_left_movable(row):
def change(i):
if row[i] == 0 and row[i + 1] != 0:
# 这里是不是在说None != 0 ？
return True
if row[i] != 0 and row[i + 1] == row[i]:
return True
return False
return any(change(i) for i in range(len(row) - 1)) check = {}
check['Left'] = lambda field: \
any(row_is_left_movable(row) for row in field) check['Right'] = lambda field: \
check['Left'](invert(field)) check['Up'] = lambda field: \
check['Left'](transpose(field)) check['Down'] = lambda field: \
check['Right'](transpose(field)) if direction in check:
return check[direction](self.field)
else:
return False def main(stdscr):
def init():
game_field.reset()
return 'Game' def not_game(state):
game_field.draw(stdscr)
action = get_user_action(stdscr)
responses = defaultdict(lambda: state)
responses['Restart'], responses['Exit'] = 'Init', 'Exit'
return responses[action] def game():
game_field.draw(stdscr)
action = get_user_action(stdscr) if action == 'Restart':
return 'Init'
if action == 'Exit':
return 'Exit'
if game_field.move(action):
if game_field.is_win():
return 'Win'
if game_field.is_gameover():
return 'Gameover'
return 'Game' state_actions = {
'Init': init,
'Win': lambda: not_game('Win'),
'Gameover': lambda: not_game('Gameover'),
'Game': game
} curses.use_default_colors()
game_field = GameField(win=32) state = 'Init' while state != 'Exit':
state = state_actions[state]() curses.wrapper(main)