MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA

时间:2023-01-23 21:32:56
利用keepalived构建高可用MySQL-HA,保证两台MySQL数据的一致性,然后用keepalived实现虚拟VIP,通过keepalived自带的服务监控功能来实现MySQL故障时自动切换。
 
硬件拓扑如下:
 
VIP:192.168.1.200
mysql1:192.168.1.201
mysql2:192.168.1.202
 
操作系统:CentOS release 6.3(32位)
MySQL版本:MariaDB 5.5.31 Stable
下载地址(64位请下载64版本):https://downloads.mariadb.org/f/mariadb-5.5.31/kvm-tarbake-jaunty-x86/mariadb-5.5.31.tar.gz/from/http:/mirrors.scie.in/mariadb
Keepalived版本:Version 1.2.7
下载地址:http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
 
一、配置Centos运行环境:
 
执行:
rpm -qa|grep mysql
rpm -e mysql
yum -y remove mysql-server mysql
yum -y remove php-mysql
移除系统自带的mysql
 
yum -y install yum-fastestmirror
yum -y update
更新系统软件;
 
rm -rf /etc/localtime
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
 
yum install -y ntp
ntpdate -d cn.pool.ntp.org
date
设置时区并同步系统时间
 
#Disable SeLinux
if [ -s /etc/selinux/config ]; then
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g' /etc/selinux/config
fi
ldconfig
关闭安全增强
 
cat >>/etc/security/limits.conf<<eof
* soft nproc 65535
* hard nproc 65535
* soft nofile 65535
* hard nofile 65535
eof
 
cat >>/etc/sysctl.conf<<eof
fs.file-max=65535
eof
修改文件句柄的最大数量
 
安装一些必备软件
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 ncurses-devel bison libaio-devel cmake libnl* libpopt* popt-static openssl-devel
 
二、安装maridDB:
 
1、下载相关软件源码包
[root@localhost down]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.org/f/mariadb-5.5.31/kvm-tarbake-jaunty-x86/mariadb-5.5.31.tar.gz/from/http:/mirrors.scie.in/mariadb
 
 
2、配置编译器,提高性能
CFLAGS="-O3"
CXX=gcc
CXXFLAGS="-O3 -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti"
 
3、开始安装mariadb
添加mysql用户和用户组
[root@localhost down]# groupadd mysql
[root@localhost down]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql mysql
 
解压mariadb
[root@localhost down]# tar -zxvf mariadb-5.5.31
[root@localhost down]# cd mariadb-5.5.31
 
安装到/usr/local/mariamysql目录:
[root@localhost down]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mariamysql -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1  -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci   -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DBUILD_CONFIG=mysql_release -DFEATURE_SET=community -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=OFF && make && make install
 
复制配置文件到/etc/my.cnf
[root@localhost down]# cp /usr/local/mariamysql/support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
 
设置mariamysql为系统服务
[root@localhost down]# cp /usr/local/mariamysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariamysql
 
初始化mariaDB数据库:
[root@localhost down]# /usr/local/mariamysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mariamysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mariamysql/data/ --user=mysql
 
至此mariaDB安装完成。
 
三、keepalived安装:
 
1、下载源码包:
wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
2、安装:
[root@localhost down]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz
[root@localhost down]# cd keepalived-1.2.7
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
[root@localhost keepalived-1.2.7]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
 
安装到/usr/local/keepalived目录下;
至此keepalived安装完毕。
 
 
四、分别在201和202两台机器上都重复二,三安装好mariaDB和keepalived。
 
 
五、配置201数据库服务器:
 
1、设置mariaDB数据库配置文件:
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/my.cnf 
确保/etc/my.cnf中有如下参数,没有的话需手工添加,并重启mysql服务。
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin 
#启动二进制文件
server-id=1 
#服务器ID
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
设置完毕启动mariaDB服务器
 
[root@localhost /]# service mariamysql start
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 
2、登录mysql,然后在增加一个账号专门用于同步,如下:
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
[root@localhost /]# /usr/local/mariamysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p  #初始密码为空到Enter password:处直接回车即可

MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'backup'@'192.168.1.202' identified by 'backup'; flush privileges;

显示master状态:
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 
记录下File和Position然后在202上面设置从201同步。
 
六、配置202数据库服务器:
 
[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/my.cnf 
确保/etc/my.cnf中有如下参数,没有的话需手工添加,并重启mysql服务。
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin 
#启动二进制文件
server-id=10(此处要设置的跟201不同)
#服务器ID
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 
设置完毕启动mariaDB服务器。
[root@localhost /]# service mariamysql start
登录数据库:
[root@localhost /]# /usr/local/mariamysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p 
输入:
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.1.201',master_user='backup',master_password='backup',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000010',master_log_pos=245;
注意:245对应上面在201上面记下的Position,mysql-bin.000010对应201上面记录的File
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 
执行成功后,输入命令显示从库状态:
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status \G;
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 
Slave_IO_Running: Yes            
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
两项都显示Yes时说明从201同步数据成功。
至此201为主202为从的主从架构数据设置成功!
 
七、设置201和202互为主从:
 
1、202机器上增加一个帐号专门用于同步数据:
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'backup'@'192.168.1.201' identified by 'backup'; flush privileges;
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 
2、显示202做为主库时的状态:
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 
3、在201数据库服务器上:
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to master_host='192.168.1.202',master_user='backup',master_password='backup',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000005',master_log_pos=5005;
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
注意:5005对应上面在202上面记下的Position,mysql-bin.000005对应202上面记录的File
显示状态:
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status \G;
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 
Slave_IO_Running: Yes            
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
两项都显示Yes时说明从202同步数据成功。
至此201、202互为主从设置成功!
 
可以试试在这两台服务器上任何一台增加一个数据库,并建个表,增加一些数据看看,互为主从同步的状态是否成功!
首先在201上面:
MariaDB [(none)]> create database mysqltest;
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysqltest;
MariaDB [mysqltest]> create table user(id int(5),name char(10));
MariaDB [mysqltest]> insert into user values (00001,'zhangsan');
在202上面验证一下:
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysqltest;
MariaDB [mysqltest]> select * from user;
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
会发现201上面的数据已经自动同步到202上面了
同样在202上面:
MariaDB [mysqltest]> insert into user values (00002,'wander');
 
在201上面验证一下:
MariaDB [mysqltest]> select * from user;
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 
互为主从结构设置完毕
 
注意:如果同步不成功,首先要确保服务器3306端口打开的。
centos可以用service iptables stop关闭防火墙。
 
八、利用keepalived实现高可用
 
keepalived实现虚拟IP,通过keepalived自带的服务监控功能来实现MySQL故障时自动切换;
 
1、keepalived设置:
201服务器上面,编辑keeplaived.conf配置文件:
[root@localhost /]# vi /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
配置文件内容如下:
! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
   router_id mysql-ha
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 201
    priority 100 #优先级,高优先级竞选为master
    advert_int 1 
    nopreempt #设置为不抢占 注:这个配置只能设置在backup主机上,而且这个主机优先级要比另外一台高,另一台不要设置这个选项
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 123456
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.200
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.200 3306 {
    delay_loop 2
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    persistence_timeout 60
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.1.201 3306 {
        weight 1
        notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/mysql.sh
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 3306
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 2
            delay_before_retry 1
        }
    }
}
~                

MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA          
 
编辑mysql服务停止后的切换脚本:mysql.sh
[root@localhost /]# vi /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/mysql.sh
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
内容如下:
#!/bin/bash
pkill keepalived
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
 
2、启动201上面的keepalived
[root@localhost /]# /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -f /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf -D
查看:
MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA
启动成功后会有三个keepalived进程
 
此是在任一局域机器上面ping 192.168.1.200发现已经可以ping通,并且用192.168.1.200这个IP也能够连接到数据库服务器。
 
3、在202机器上面重复1、2步骤;
配置keepalived.conf文件的时候注意要把 
real_server 192.168.1.201 3306改为 real_server 192.168.1.202 3306
virtual_router_id 201 改为virtual_router_id 202
priority 100改为priority 90
去掉nopreempt 
 
至此MariaDB+Keepalived双主高可用配置MySQL-HA设置完毕。
可以试着把201上面的mariaDB停止 
[root@localhost /]# service mariamysql stop;
会发现连接192.168.1.200还是可以连接上去的,keepalived会自动切换到202的服务器上面去。这样,当一台数据库服务器发生故障时,另一台服务器可以立即切换过来,保证高可用。