如何递归创建目录？

Is there a Python method to create directories recursively? I have this path:

是否有Python方法递归创建目录？我有这条道路：

/home/dail/

I would like to create

我想创造

/home/dail/first/second/third

Can I do it recursively or I have to create one directory after the other?

我可以递归地执行此操作，还是必须在另一个目录之后创建一个目录？

The same thing for:

同样的事情：

chmod and chown can I do it recursively without assign permissions for each file/dir?

我可以递归地执行chmod和chown而不为每个文件/目录分配权限吗？

5 个解决方案

#1

157

os.makedirs is what you need. For chmod or chown you'll have to use os.walk and use it on every file/dir yourself.

os.makedirs是你需要的。对于chmod或chown，你必须使用os.walk并在你自己的每个文件/目录上使用它。

#2

a fresh answer to a very old question:

一个非常古老的问题的新答案：

starting from python 3.2 you can do this:

从python 3.2开始，你可以这样做：

import os
path = '/home/dail/first/second/third'
os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)

thanks to the exist_ok flag this will not even complain if the directory exists (depending on your needs....).

感谢exists_ok标志，如果目录存在，这甚至都不会抱怨（取决于你的需要......）。

starting from python 3.4 (which includes the pathlib module) you can do this:

从python 3.4（包括pathlib模块）开始，你可以这样做：

from pathlib import Path
path = Path('/home/dail/first/second/third')
path.mkdir(parents=True)

starting from python 3.5 mkdir also has an exist_ok flag - setting it to True will raise no exception if the directory exists:

从python 3.5开始mkdir也有一个exist_ok标志 - 如果目录存在，将其设置为True将不会引发异常：

path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

#3

Here is my implementation for your reference:

以下是我的实现供您参考：

def _mkdir_recursive(self, path):
    sub_path = os.path.dirname(path)
    if not os.path.exists(sub_path):
        self._mkdir_recursive(sub_path)
    if not os.path.exists(path):
        os.mkdir(path)

Hope this help!

希望这有帮助！

#4

I agree with Cat Plus Plus's answer. However, if you know this will only be used on Unix-like OSes, you can use external calls to the shell commands mkdir, chmod, and chown. Make sure to pass extra flags to recursively affect directories:

我同意Cat Plus Plus的回答。但是，如果您知道这只会在类Unix操作系统上使用，则可以使用外部调用shell命令mkdir，chmod和chown。确保传递额外的标志以递归地影响目录：

>>> import subprocess
>>> subprocess.check_output(['mkdir', '-p', 'first/second/third']) 
# Equivalent to running 'mkdir -p first/second/third' in a shell (which creates
# parent directories if they do not yet exist).

>>> subprocess.check_output(['chown', '-R', 'dail:users', 'first'])
# Recursively change owner to 'dail' and group to 'users' for 'first' and all of
# its subdirectories.

>>> subprocess.check_output(['chmod', '-R', 'g+w', 'first'])
# Add group write permissions to 'first' and all of its subdirectories.

EDIT I originally used commands, which was a bad choice since it is deprecated and vulnerable to injection attacks. (For example, if a user gave input to create a directory called first/;rm -rf --no-preserve-root /;, one could potentially delete all directories).

编辑我最初使用命令，这是一个糟糕的选择，因为它被弃用，容易受到注入攻击。（例如，如果用户提供输入以创建名为first /; rm -rf --no-preserve-root /;的目录，则可能会删除所有目录）。

EDIT 2 If you are using Python less than 2.7, use check_call instead of check_output. See the subprocess documentation for details.

编辑2如果您使用的Python小于2.7，请使用check_call而不是check_output。有关详细信息，请参阅子进程文档。

#5

Try using os.makedirs:

尝试使用os.makedirs：

import os
import errno

try:
    os.makedirs(<path>)
except OSError as e:
    if errno.EEXIST != e.errno:
        raise

#1

157