要求：使用类的形式做一个图书馆管理系统，实现借书，入库，还书，查书等功能。
设计思路：
第一步：先写一个书的类，来存储图书馆中最重要的组成部分书的信息管理，包括书名，书作者，书的所属类别，书的价格等
class Book(): '''书类，存储书名，作者，分类，价格等信息''' def __init__(self,name,author,classify,price): self.name = name self.author = author self.classify = classify self.price = price def get_bookinfo(self): print('书名：%s\n作者：%s\n分类：%s\n价格：%s'%(self.name,self.author,self.classify,self.price)) def set_book_name(self,new_name): self.name = new_name def get_book_name(self):#获取书名 return self.name def get_book_author(self):#获取书作者 return self.author def get_book_classify(self):#获取书分类 return self.classfiy def get_book_price(self):#获取书的价格 return self.price
第二步：因为单独一个类管理书籍信息，因此现在写一个图书馆主体类，写3个类变量，分别存储图书馆所有的图书(list)、尚未被借出的图书(list)、已被借出的图书(dict)，并且使用序列化来存储信息编写算法如下：
class Library(): '''图书馆，实现借书，入库，还书，查书等功能，使用序列化存储书的实例''' import pickle as p with open(r'C:\Users\何发奋\Desktop\Python 习题\instance\book_library.txt','rb') as f:#序列化信息存储地址 try: book_total_library = p.load(f)#存储所有的书 book_in_library =p.load(f)#存储未被借出的书 out_library = p.load(f)#存储被借出的书的信息，包括借书人以及借书日期 except: book_total_library = [] book_in_library =[] out_library = {}
def __init__(self,name,location):
'''初始化图书馆'''
self.name = name
self.location = location
第三步：写借书，入库，还书，查书等功能
3.1 入库
def add(): '''加书''' import pickle as p book_name = input('请输入书名:') author_name = input('请输入author:') classify = input('请输入classify:') price = input('请输入price:') book = Book(book_name,author_name,classify,price) Library.book_total_library.append(book) Library.book_in_library.append(book) #将书籍加入本馆总库以及在库图书列表 with open(r'C:\Users\何发奋\Desktop\Python 习题\instance\book_library.txt','wb') as fp: p.dump(Library.book_total_library,fp) p.dump(Library.book_in_library,fp) p.dump(Library.out_library,fp) #将修改的数据记录入序列化
3.2借书，借书的逻辑是
step1:遍历本馆书库，查看是否有该书籍
step2:遍历本馆可借书单，查看书籍是否已被借出
step3:如果本馆有此书，并且未被借出，则出借该书，记录出借记录，否则提示本馆无此书，或者此书已经被出借
def borrow(self,username,book_name): '''借书''' import pickle as p import time current_date = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime()) #print(Library.book_in_library) #print(Library.out_library) for book_object1 in Library.book_total_library: if book_object1.get_book_name() == book_name: for book_object2 in Library.book_in_library: #print(book_object2) #print(book_object2.get_book_name()) if book_object2.get_book_name() ==book_name: print('object2：',book_object2) #查找图书在本馆，且未被借出 Library.out_library[book_object2] = (username,current_date) #记录图书已经被借出，登记出借信息 Library.book_in_library.remove(book_object2) #print(Library.book_in_library) #print(Library.out_library) #修改在库图书记录，记录当前图书已被借出，不在库 print('借书成功，请及时归还') with open(r'C:\Users\何发奋\Desktop\Python 习题\instance\book_library.txt','wb') as fp: p.dump(Library.book_total_library,fp) p.dump(Library.book_in_library,fp) p.dump(Library.out_library,fp) #序列化记录修改记录 print() return else:#本馆有此书，但是已被借走 print('您要的书已被借走，您可通过book_info查看已被借阅的信息') print() return #如果图书在本馆，但是已被借出，提示已被借走 else: print('您所要借阅的书本馆尚无，请去其他图书馆看看') print() #如果本馆无此图书，提示
3.3还书，还书的逻辑为先查看出借记录，查看是否有对应的出借记录，如果有则收回书籍，修改在库记录，否则提示报错
def lend(self,book_name): '''还书''' import pickle as p for book_object in Library.out_library.keys(): print(book_object.get_book_name()) if book_name ==book_object.get_book_name(): Library.book_in_library.append(book_object) del Library.out_library[book_object]#删除出借记录 with open(r'C:\Users\何发奋\Desktop\Python 习题\instance\book_library.txt','wb') as fp: p.dump(Library.book_total_library,fp) p.dump(Library.book_in_library,fp) p.dump(Library.out_library,fp) print('还书成功！') print() return #如果查到对应的借出记录，则记录归还记录 else: print('未查到借阅记录，请确认是否是在本馆借的书') print() #如果未查到对应的借出记录不做操作
3.4查询功能，查书功能分3种，查询本馆所有的图书；查询本馆在库图书；查询本馆已被出借图书
def info_all(self):#所有书籍 import pickle as p if Library.book_total_library: print('*'*80) for item in Library.book_total_library: item.get_bookinfo() print('-'*80) print(' '*80) def info_ready(self):#在库书籍 if Library.book_in_library: print('-'*80) for item in Library.book_in_library: item.get_bookinfo() print('-'*80) print(' '*80) else: print('当前无可借书籍') print(' '*80) def info_borrow(self):#已被出借书籍 if Library.out_library: print('*'*80) for item in Library.out_library: item.get_bookinfo() print('-'*80) print(' '*80) else: print('无被借阅记录') print(' '*80)
最后写程序的主体，也就是操作命令如下：
if __name__ == '__main__': #import operator while 1: command = input('欢迎光临小何图书馆请输入命令：\nadd：增加图书\nborrow：借阅图书\nlend：还书\ninfo_all：查看库中图书列表\ninfo_ready：查看在库图书列表\ninfo_borrow：查看借出图书列表\nsearch：查找图书\nexit：退出\n') if command.strip().lower() == 'add': exec('xh_library.add()') elif command.strip().lower() == 'borrow': user_name = input('请输入用户名：') book_name = input('请输入书名：') temp = 'xh_library.borrow(%s,%s)'%(user_name,book_name) print(temp) exec('xh_library.borrow("%s","%s")'%(user_name,book_name)) elif command.strip().lower() == 'lend': book_input = input('请输入要还的书名：') exec('xh_library.lend("%s")'% book_input) elif command.strip().lower() == 'info_all': exec('xh_library.info_all()') elif command.strip().lower() == 'info_ready': exec('xh_library.info_ready()') elif command.strip().lower() == 'info_borrow': #print('catch') exec('xh_library.info_borrow()') elif command.strip().lower() == 'exit': break
尚未完全完善，待后续更新！