Given a graph (V,E) where V is a set of nodes and E is a set of arcs in VxV, and an ordering on the elements in V, then the bandwidth of a node v is defined as the maximum distance in the ordering between v and any node to which it is connected in the graph. The bandwidth of the ordering is then defined as the maximum of the individual bandwidths. For example, consider the following graph:
This can be ordered in many ways, two of which are illustrated below:
For these orderings, the bandwidths of the nodes (in order) are 6, 6, 1, 4, 1, 1, 6, 6 giving an ordering bandwidth of 6, and 5, 3, 1, 4, 3, 5, 1, 4 giving an ordering bandwidth of 5.
Write a program that will find the ordering of a graph that minimises the bandwidth.
Input
Input will consist of a series of graphs. Each graph will appear on a line by itself. The entire file will be terminated by a line consisting of a single #. For each graph, the input will consist of a series of records separated by `;'. Each record will consist of a node name (a single upper case character in the the range `A' to `Z'), followed by a `:' and at least one of its neighbours. The graph will contain no more than 8 nodes.
Output
Output will consist of one line for each graph, listing the ordering of the nodes followed by an arrow (->) and the bandwidth for that ordering. All items must be separated from their neighbours by exactly one space. If more than one ordering produces the same bandwidth, then choose the smallest in lexicographic ordering, that is the one that would appear first in an alphabetic listing.
Sample input
A:FB;B:GC;D:GC;F:AGH;E:HD
#
Sample output
A B C F G D H E -> 3
题意：给一个最多8个结点的无向图，把结点重排后对于图中每条边(u,v)，u和v在排列中的最大距离称为该排列的带宽。求带宽最小的排列
算法：枚举全排列。需要注意的是本题的输入格式相对麻烦一点，需要仔细应对
学习点：
1. id和letter的映射关系处理
2. strtok函数使用方法
3.for(int i=0;i<n;i++) pos[P[i]]=i; 确认排列中元素位置
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=10;
int id[256], letter[maxn];
int n; void map_id_letter(char *p)
{
n=0;
for(int c='A'; c<='Z'; c++) if(strchr(p, c))
{
id[c]=n;
letter[n]=c;
n++;
}
} int main()
{
char buff[256];
while(gets(buff) && buff[0]!='#')
{
map_id_letter(buff);
char*p=strtok(buff, ";");
vector<int> u,v;
while(p)
{
//printf("%s\n", p);
int t=p[0];
++p;//跳过:
while(*(++p))
{
u.push_back(id[t]);
v.push_back(id[*p]);
}
p=strtok(0, ";");
} int ans=n;
int P[maxn], bestP[maxn], pos[maxn];
for(int i=0;i<n;i++) P[i]=i;
do
{
for(int i=0;i<n;i++) pos[P[i]]=i;
int bandwidth=0;
for(int i=0;i<u.size();i++)
{
bandwidth=max(bandwidth, abs(pos[u[i]] - pos[v[i]]));
}
if(bandwidth<ans)
{
ans=bandwidth;
memcpy(bestP, P, sizeof(P));
}
}while(next_permutation(P, P+n)); for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%c ", letter[bestP[i]]);
}
printf("-> %d\n", ans);
} return 0;
}
回溯加剪枝方法，更快：
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
const int maxn=10;
int id[256], letter[maxn];
int n; void map_id_letter(char *p)
{
n=0;
for(int c='A'; c<='Z'; c++) if(strchr(p, c))
{
id[c]=n;
letter[n]=c;
n++;
}
} int vis[maxn];
int ans;
int P[maxn], bestP[maxn], pos[maxn];
int edge[27][27]; //生成排列
void gen(int d, int bw)
{
if(d==n)
{
ans=bw;
memcpy(bestP, P, sizeof(P));
return;
} for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if(!vis[i])
{
vis[i]=1;
P[d]=i;
//如果新加的节点带宽大于现有带宽，剪枝
int w=0;//新加节点带宽
for(int j=0;j<d;j++)
{
if(edge[i][P[j]])
{
w=d-j;
break;
}
}
int cur_bw=max(bw, w);
if(cur_bw<ans)
gen(d+1, cur_bw);
vis[i]=0;
}
}
} int main()
{
#ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
freopen("./uva140.in", "r", stdin);
#endif
char buff[256];
while(gets(buff) && buff[0]!='#')
{
map_id_letter(buff);
char*p=strtok(buff, ";");
memset(edge, 0, sizeof(edge));
while(p)
{
int t=p[0];
++p;//跳过:
while(*(++p))
{
edge[id[t]][id[*p]]=1;
edge[id[*p]][id[t]]=1;
}
p=strtok(0, ";");
} ans=n;
gen(0, 0); for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("%c ", letter[bestP[i]]);
}
printf("-> %d\n", ans);
} return 0;
}