1.贪婪匹配
问题:给定一个字符串表示的数字,判断该数字末尾0的个数?
- "123000": 3个0
- "10100": 2个0
- "1001": 0个0
先使用"^(\d+)(0*)$"匹配这三个字符串
public class Phone{
public static void matchForZero(String s){
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(\\d+)(0*)$");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);
if (matcher.matches()){
System.out.print("第一组数:"+matcher.group(1)+"\t");
System.out.println("第二组数:"+matcher.group(2));
}
}
}
public class PhoneTest {
@Test
public void testMatchForZero(){
Phone.matchForZero("123000");
Phone.matchForZero("10100");
Phone.matchForZero("1001");
}
}
结果:0并未匹配到,group1将整个字符串完全匹配
原因:正则表达式默认使用贪婪匹配,尽可能多的向后匹配
2.非贪婪匹配
1中的解决方法:使用?实现非贪婪匹配
修改方法,再次运行
public class Phone{
public static void matchForZero(String s){
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(\\d+?)(0*)$");// \d尽可能少的匹配,0尽可能多的匹配
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);
if (matcher.matches()){
System.out.print("第一组数:"+matcher.group(1)+"\t");
System.out.println("第二组数:"+matcher.group(2));
}
}
}
3.区分非贪婪匹配与个数匹配
注意:?既能表示非贪婪匹配,也能表示0个或1个,所以要注意其含义
public class Phone{
public static void matchForZero(String s){
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("(\\d??)(9*)$");
//第一个?表示0个或1个,可以匹配0或1个9
//第二个?表示非贪婪匹配,尽可能少的匹配,两者综合,即匹配0个
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);
if (matcher.matches()){
System.out.print("第一组数:"+matcher.group(1)+"\t");
System.out.println("第二组数:"+matcher.group(2));
}
}
}
public class PhoneTest {
@Test
public void testMatchForZero(){
Phone.matchForZero("9999");
}
}
4.代码示例
4.1贪婪匹配
ZeroCount.java
package com.testList;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class ZeroCount {
public static int zeros(String s){
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^\\d+(0*)$");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);
if(matcher.matches()){
String zeroStr = matcher.group(1);
return zeroStr.length();
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a number");
}
}
ZeroCountTest.java
package com.testList;
import org.junit.Test;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
public class ZeroCountTest {
@Test
public void zeros() {
assertEquals(0, ZeroCount.zeros("123456"));
assertEquals(1, ZeroCount.zeros("123450"));
assertEquals(2, ZeroCount.zeros("123400"));
assertEquals(3, ZeroCount.zeros("123000"));
assertEquals(4, ZeroCount.zeros("120000"));
assertEquals(2, ZeroCount.zeros("100100"));
}
}
4.2非贪婪匹配
package com.testList;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
public class ZeroCount {
public static int zeros(String s){
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("^\\d+?(0*)$");
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(s);
if(matcher.matches()){
String zeroStr = matcher.group(1);
return zeroStr.length();
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not a number");
}
}
5.总结
- 正则表达式匹配默认使用贪婪匹配
- 使用?表示对某一规则进行非贪婪匹配
- 注意区分?的含义 \d??