android camera 摄像头预览画面变形

时间:2021-05-05 07:09:59

问题:最近在处理一下camera的问题,发现在竖屏时预览图像会变形,而横屏时正常。但有的手机则是横竖屏都会变形。

结果:解决了预览变形的问题,同时支持前后摄像头,预览无变形,拍照生成的jpg照片方向正确。

环境 : android studio, xiaomi m1s android4.2 miui v5

过程:

 

1、预览 preview画面变形

以sdk中apidemos里的camera为例,进行修改。先重现下问题,在AndroidManifest.xml中指定了activity 的screenOrientation为landspace,则预览正常。若指定为portrait,则图像会有拉伸变形。

 

找到正确的previewsize

继续看demo代码,mCamera.getParameters().getSupportedPreviewSizes() 可以返回当前设备支持的一组previewSize,例如:

1920x1088 1280x720 800x480 768x432 720x480 640x480 576x432 480x320 
384x288 352x288 320x240 240x160 176x144

而我们根据我们在界面上需要显示的预览大小,来设置camera的预览大小,即在这一组size中选择一个previewsize,找到高宽比和大小最接近的一个size。通过调用 getOptimalPreviewSize(List sizes, int w, int h) 来进行选择。注意这里的后两个参数,因为摄像头的预览size是固定的,就那么一组,其高宽比是固定的,且方向也是固定的。 
对于摄像头来说,都是width是长边,即width > height。 所以camera的ratio计算值总是大于1的。所以当手机在横屏的时候,我们的w>h,调用该方法进行选择是没问题的。但是当竖屏后,w < h了,若还是直接调用该方法,则targetRatio 会小于1,按这个targetRatio去找就找不到合适的size了,那么比例不对预览自然就变形了。所以得在调用的地方进行调整,保证参数w > h。

 
  1. private Size getOptimalPreviewSize(List<Size> sizes, int w, int h) {
  2. final double ASPECT_TOLERANCE = 0.1;
  3. double targetRatio = (double) w / h;
  4. if (sizes == null) return null;
  5. Size optimalSize = null;
  6. double minDiff = Double.MAX_VALUE;
  7. int targetHeight = h;
  8. // Try to find an size match aspect ratio and size
  9. for (Size size : sizes) {
  10. double ratio = (double) size.width / size.height;
  11. if (Math.abs(ratio - targetRatio) > ASPECT_TOLERANCE) continue;
  12. if (Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight) < minDiff) {
  13. optimalSize = size;
  14. minDiff = Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight);
  15. }
  16. }
  17. // Cannot find the one match the aspect ratio, ignore the requirement
  18. if (optimalSize == null) {
  19. minDiff = Double.MAX_VALUE;
  20. for (Size size : sizes) {
  21. if (Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight) < minDiff) {
  22. optimalSize = size;
  23. minDiff = Math.abs(size.height - targetHeight);
  24. }
  25. }
  26. }
  27. return optimalSize;
  28. }
  29. @Override
  30. protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
  31. // We purposely disregard child measurements because act as a
  32. // wrapper to a SurfaceView that centers the camera preview instead
  33. // of stretching it.
  34. final int width = resolveSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec);
  35. final int height = resolveSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec);
  36. setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
  37. if (mSupportedPreviewSizes != null) {
  38. mPreviewSize = getOptimalPreviewSize(mSupportedPreviewSizes, Math.max(width, height), Math.min(width, height));
  39. }
  40. ......
 

选择和previewsize一致的比例来布局surfaceview

当我们选择了合适的previewsize后,还有一个因素会影响到预览画面是否正常。即surfaceview的布局。从demo代码可以知道要想在界面上显示camera预览画面,需要添加一个surfaceview,而我们添加了surfaceview后,就需要对其进行布局,设置其大小,位置。

经过搜索查资料,here这里有人回答了原因。

“The reason is: SurfaceView aspect ratio (width/height) MUST be same as Camera.Size aspect ratio used in preview parameters. And if aspect 
ratio is not the same, you've got stretched image.”

看到这句话,理解了变形是因为比例错误。surfaceview和cameraSize的比例应该要一致。

在onlayout中,我们对surfaceview进行了layout,根据指定的surfaceview的高宽来布局。demo中会将surfacevidew居中,看代码是根据宽高比和previewsize的宽高比来对比,选择水平居中或垂直居中。前面已经说过,previewsize的width大于height,所以凡是涉及到宽高比计算的地方,两个size我们都需要保持同样的顺序,都是w>h,或w

 
  1. protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
  2. int curOrientation =
  3. getContext().getResources().getConfiguration().orientation;
  4. if (changed && getChildCount() > 0 || mLastOrientation != curOrientation) {
  5. mLastOrientation = curOrientation;
  6. final View child = getChildAt(0);
  7. final int width = r - l;
  8. final int height = b - t;
  9. int previewWidth = width;
  10. int previewHeight = height;
  11. if (mPreviewSize != null) {
  12. previewWidth = mPreviewSize.width;
  13. previewHeight = mPreviewSize.height;
  14. if (curOrientation == Configuration.ORIENTATION_PORTRAIT) {
  15. previewWidth = mPreviewSize.height;
  16. previewHeight = mPreviewSize.width;
  17. }
  18. }
  19. // Center the child SurfaceView within the parent.
  20. if (width * previewHeight > height * previewWidth) {
  21. final int scaledChildWidth = previewWidth * height / previewHeight;
  22. child.layout((width - scaledChildWidth) / 2, 0,
  23. (width + scaledChildWidth) / 2, height);
  24. } else {
  25. final int scaledChildHeight = previewHeight * width / previewWidth;
  26. child.layout(0, (height - scaledChildHeight) / 2,
  27. width, (height + scaledChildHeight) / 2);
  28. }
  29. }
  30. }

至此,经过测试,设备显示正常,横屏竖屏均再无拉伸现象了。

总结下,demo工程在横屏下正常,而在竖屏下出现预览画面变形的原因主要是,onMeasure时选择previewsize和onlayout时布局surfaceview,都是基于横屏考虑的,所以w均大于h。 
当activity改为竖屏运行时,就需要调整这两个地方,保证比例一致,才能计算正确,从而显示正常画面。

 

2、方向问题

刚刚讲了变形的问题,我们应该发现当手机竖屏后,预览画面的方向没有随之改变过来,于是看上去就颠倒了。所以我们还需要处理一下方向的问题。

注意这里的“方向”包括:前置、后置摄像头画面预览方向,前置后置摄像头拍照后的图片方向。

 

预览方向:

通过查询android文档,可以发现如下资料:

For example, suppose the natural orientation of the device is 
portrait. The device is rotated 270 degrees clockwise, so the device 
orientation is 270. Suppose a back-facing camera sensor is mounted in 
landscape and the top side of the camera sensor is aligned with the 
right edge of the display in natural orientation. So the camera 
orientation is 90. The rotation should be set to 0 (270 + 90).

(后置摄像头) 
可以得知,camera是在设置上是固定方向的, camera的顶部是和屏幕自然显示时的右边对齐的。说明camera默认就是横屏方向的。为了在竖屏的时候进行preview预览,我们需要调整camera的方向。

setDisplayOrientation 可以修改camera的预览方向。

If you want to make the camera image show in the same orientation as 
the display, you can use the following code.

 
  1. public static void setCameraDisplayOrientation(Activity activity,
  2. int cameraId, android.hardware.Camera camera) {
  3. android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo info =
  4. new android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo();
  5. android.hardware.Camera.getCameraInfo(cameraId, info);
  6. int rotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay()
  7. .getRotation();
  8. int degrees = 0;
  9. switch (rotation) {
  10. case Surface.ROTATION_0: degrees = 0; break;
  11. case Surface.ROTATION_90: degrees = 90; break;
  12. case Surface.ROTATION_180: degrees = 180; break;
  13. case Surface.ROTATION_270: degrees = 270; break;
  14. }
  15. int result;
  16. if (info.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
  17. result = (info.orientation + degrees) % 360;
  18. result = (360 - result) % 360; // compensate the mirror
  19. } else { // back-facing
  20. result = (info.orientation - degrees + 360) % 360;
  21. }
  22. camera.setDisplayOrientation(result);
  23. }
 

拍照方向:

若想修改照片的方向,还需调用 camera.setRotation,google 的文档说的很清楚了,添加一个orientation listener既可以从传感器获取当前设备旋转方向,参考如下代码即可正确设置照片方向。但要注意一点,这个方向和activity方向(可以在android-manifest设置)无关。 无论activity此时是什么方向,只要获取了传感器方向均可以正确调整照片方向,与预览方面一致。

代码方面,由于这个回调调用比较频繁(设备角度一变化就会调用),可以在回调里保存下rotation,然后在拍照的时候再设置camera。由于考虑了前置摄像头,须注意传递正确的cameraId。

 
  1. mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
  2. mCamera.takePicture(shutterCallback, rawCallback,jpegCallback);

CameraInfo.orientation is the angle between camera orientation and 
natural device orientation. The sum of the two is the rotation angle 
for back-facing camera. The difference of the two is the rotation 
angle for front-facing camera. Note that the JPEG pictures of 
front-facing cameras are not mirrored as in preview display. For 
example, suppose the natural orientation of the device is portrait. 
The device is rotated 270 degrees clockwise, so the device orientation 
is 270. Suppose a back-facing camera sensor is mounted in landscape 
and the top side of the camera sensor is aligned with the right edge 
of the display in natural orientation. So the camera orientation is 
90. The rotation should be set to 0 (270 + 90).

The reference code is as follows.

 
  1. public void onOrientationChanged(int orientation) {
  2. if (orientation == ORIENTATION_UNKNOWN) return;
  3. android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo info =
  4. new android.hardware.Camera.CameraInfo();
  5. android.hardware.Camera.getCameraInfo(cameraId, info);
  6. orientation = (orientation + 45) / 90 * 90;
  7. int rotation = 0;
  8. if (info.facing == CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
  9. rotation = (info.orientation - orientation + 360) % 360;
  10. } else { // back-facing camera
  11. rotation = (info.orientation + orientation) % 360;
  12. }
  13. mParameters.setRotation(rotation);
  14. }
 

3、总结

到此为止,我们基本上是实现了一个最简单的拍照应用,能支持前后摄像头,预览正确,照片方向正确。文中一些api在低版本sdk上没有,不能直接用,还须参考资料换用其他方法。 
由于手头设备有限,我仅仅在android4.2 小米手机上测试过,pad未测试。

 

补充

setRotation 在一些设备上无效 拍照后得到的图像还是横屏的,所以在save前需要再rotate一下。

 
    1. private Bitmap adjustPhotoRotationToPortrait(byte[] data) {
    2. BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
    3. options.inJustDecodeBounds = true;
    4. BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length, options);
    5. if (options.outHeight < options.outWidth) {
    6. int w = options.outWidth;
    7. int h = options.outHeight;
    8. Matrix mtx = new Matrix();
    9. mtx.postRotate(90);
    10. // Rotating Bitmap
    11. Bitmap bmp = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.length);
    12. Bitmap rotatedBMP = Bitmap.createBitmap(bmp, 0, 0, w, h, mtx, true);
    13. return rotatedBMP;
    14. } else {
    15. return null;
    16. }
    17. }