python模块（3）

时间：2023-03-09 09:56:39
python模块（3）

1.xml：实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议

<data>

    <country name="Liechtenstein">

        <rank updated="yes">2</rank>

        <year>2008</year>

        <gdppc>141100</gdppc>

        <neighbor name="Austria" direction="E"/>

        <neighbor name="Switzerland" direction="W"/>

    </country>

    <country name="Singapore">

        <rank updated="yes">5</rank>

        <year>2011</year>

        <gdppc>59900</gdppc>

        <neighbor name="Malaysia" direction="N"/>

    </country>

    <country name="Panama">

        <rank updated="yes">69</rank>

        <year>2011</year>

        <gdppc>13600</gdppc>

        <neighbor name="Costa Rica" direction="W"/>

        <neighbor name="Colombia" direction="E"/>

    </country>

</data>

遍历、修改、删除结点

 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

 tree = ET.parse("xml_test.xml")

 root = tree.getroot()

 print(root.tag)

 # # 遍历xml文档

 # for child in root:

 #     print(child.tag, child.attrib)

 #     for i in child:

 #         print(i.tag, i.text)

 #

 # # 只遍历year 节点

 # for node in root.iter('year'):

 #     print(node.tag, node.text)

 # 修改node

 # for node in root.iter('year'):

 #     new_year=int(node.text)+1

 #     node.text=str(new_year)

 #     node.set('update','yes')

 #

 # tree.write('xml_test.xml')

 # 删除node

 for country in root.findall('country'):

     rank = int(country.find('rank').text)

     if rank>50:

         root.remove(country)

 tree.write('re_xml.xml')

创建

 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

 new_xml = ET.Element("namelist")

 person1= ET.SubElement(new_xml, "person1", attrib={"enrolled": "yes"})

 name = ET.SubElement(person1, "name")

 age = ET.SubElement(person1, "age", attrib={"checked": "no"})

 sex = ET.SubElement(person1, "sex")

 name.text = 'Alex'

 age.text = ''

 sex.text = 'man'

 person2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, "person2", attrib={"enrolled": "no"})

 name = ET.SubElement(person2, "name")

 age = ET.SubElement(person2, "age")

 sex = ET.SubElement(person2, "sex")

 name.text = 'Bob'

 age.text = ''

 sex.text = 'man'

 et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml)  # 生成文档对象

 et.write("xml_create.xml", encoding="utf-8", xml_declaration=True)

 ET.dump(new_xml)  # 打印生成的格式

2.configparser:用于生成和修改常见配置文档

生成

 import configparser

 #创建configparse对象

 config = configparser.ConfigParser()

 #每个section都是一个字典

 config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '',

                      'Compression': 'yes',

                      'CompressionLevel': ''}

 config['bitbucket.org'] = {}

 config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg'

 config['topsecret.server.com'] = {}

 topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']

 topsecret['Host Port'] = ''

 topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no'

 config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'

 with open('ha1.ini', 'w') as f:

     config.write(f)

读取

 import configparser

 #配置文件的读取与更改

 #创建configparse对象

 conf=configparser.ConfigParser()

 conf.read('ha1.ini')

 # print(conf.sections())

 # print(conf.defaults())

 print(conf['bitbucket.org']['user'])

 conf.remove_section('bitbucket.org')

 with open('conf.ini','w') as f:

     conf.write(f)

3.hashlib

import hashlib

# 加密的消息要以bytes类型传入相应的对象中

#生成md5对象

m = hashlib.md5()

#调用对象的update方法

m.update('Hello'.encode(encoding='utf-8'))  #str的encode方法，等价于转为bytes类型

print(m.hexdigest())

m.update(b"It's me")

print(m.hexdigest())  #第二次生成的是所有内容的密文

# 生成sha512对象

s1=hashlib.sha256()

s1.update('Hello这是一个测试'.encode(encoding='utf-8'))

print(s1.hexdigest())

4.hmac

import hmac

#对key和msg进行处理后再加密，安全性更高

#无论是密钥key，还是明文msg，一定要以bytes类型传入

m=hmac.new('family_861'.encode(encoding='utf-8'),'我要测试'.encode(encoding='utf-8'))  #key,msg都转换成bytes类型

print(m.digest())

print(m.hexdigest())

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