每个系统都应该有数据库的备份和还原功能,以防各种情况下的数据库损坏造成不可挽回的损失。这个功能挺简单,但在代码实现过程中也多多少少遇到了些问题,我把错误都总结了出来,供大家参考学习。
下面先给出正确的代码实现:
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Public Class Form1
'备份数据库
'BACKUP DATABASE Test TO DISK='' WITH Format sql语句
Private Sub btnBackup_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btnBackup.Click
Dim conn As SqlConnection
conn = New SqlConnection("Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=test3;User ID=sa;Password=123456")
Dim cmd As SqlCommand
Dim path As String
'选择备份路径
FolderBrowserDialog1.ShowDialog()
path = FolderBrowserDialog1.SelectedPath
If path = Nothing Then
MessageBox.Show("文件名不能为空", "系统提示")
Exit Sub
End If
'执行sql命令语句,备份数据库
cmd = New SqlCommand("BACKUP DATABASE test3 TO DISK='" & path & "\backup' WITH format,BACKUP LOG WITH NORECOVERY", conn)
conn.Open()
Try
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
Catch ex As Exception
MsgBox(ex.Message, MsgBoxStyle.OkOnly, "系统提示")
Exit Sub
End Try
MsgBox("备份成功")
conn.Close()
End Sub
'还原数据库
Private Sub btnRecovery_Click(sender As Object, e As EventArgs) Handles btnRecovery.Click
If MsgBox("真的要还原吗?数据会恢复到最近备份的数据!", MsgBoxStyle.YesNo, "系统提示") = MsgBoxResult.Yes Then
Dim cn As New SqlConnection
Dim cn1 As New SqlConnection
Dim mydr As SqlDataReader
Dim str As String
Dim tmpConnectionString As String = "Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=test3;User ID=sa;Password=123456;pooling=false"
Dim all As String
'获取当前文件名筛选器字符
Me.OpenFileDialog1.Filter = "所有文件(*.*)|*.*|备份文件(*.bak)|*.bak"
Me.OpenFileDialog1.ShowDialog()
all = OpenFileDialog1.FileName
If all = Nothing Then
MessageBox.Show("文件名不能为空", "系统提示")
Exit Sub
End If
cn.ConnectionString = tmpConnectionString
cn1.ConnectionString = tmpConnectionString
cn.Open()
cn1.Open()
'查询与数据库有关的进程
Dim cm As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("use master select spid from master..sysprocesses where dbid=db_id('test3')", cn)
mydr = cm.ExecuteReader()
Dim cm1 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand()
cm1.Connection = cn1
While (mydr.Read())
'杀死进程
str = "kill " & mydr("spid").ToString()
cm1.CommandText = str
cm1.CommandType = CommandType.Text
Application.DoEvents()
cm1.ExecuteNonQuery()
End While
mydr.Close()
'使要还原的数据库脱机
cm = New SqlCommand("ALTER DATABASE test3 SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE", cn)
cm.ExecuteNonQuery()
'恢复备份
cm = New SqlCommand("RESTORE DATABASE test3 FROM DISK='" & all & "' WITH REPLACE", cn)
cm.ExecuteNonQuery()
'使要还原的数据库联机
cm = New SqlCommand("ALTER DATABASE test3 SET ONLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE", cn)
cm.ExecuteNonQuery()
MsgBox("恢复成功,软件自动关闭,请重新启动本系统!")
'关闭数据库连接
cn.Close()
cn1.Close()
Me.Close()
Else
Exit Sub
End If
End Sub
End Class
错误代码一:
select spid from test3..sysprocesses where dbid=db_id('test3')
错误描述:
解决方法:
在sql语句前添加use master 即
use master select spid from master..sysprocesses where dbid=db_id('test3')
User master表示在master数据库执行该语句,spid指当前用户进程的会话 ID,master是系统数据库,它里面有很多对象,每个对象都有自己的所有者.如果没有指明所有者,系统就默认dbo为对象的所有者.一个对象完整的表达式为:数据库名.所有者.对象, 比如:master.dbo.sysobjects。杀进程前当然要先找出当前该数据库所有的进程了。
错误二:
直接用SQL语句还原数据库。
错误描述:
解决方法:
方法一:
在还原之前先将该数据库脱机,恢复之后再联机。前后加上两条sql语句即可。
ALTER DATABASE [datebase] SET OFFLINE WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE
ALTER DATABASE [ datebase] SET ONLINE
方法二:
(该方法采取限制访问数据库的方式,因为实际中我们经常多用户访问,所以符合情况时再考虑这种解决方法吧。)
在还原的时候还有其他进程连在上面,导致无法获得独占造成的,可以使用数据库的单用户模式,设置方式:选中要还原的数据库-->属性-->选项-->限制访问,该值从MULTI_USER修改为SINGLE_USER。
以下是GUI的模式,语句比较简单
USE MASTER
GO
ALTER DATABASEeol_tcgroup SET SINGLE_USER WITH ROLLBACK IMMEDIATE;
GO