Android.Hacks.01_Centering views using weights

时间:2021-06-14 15:01:03

Android.Hacks读书笔记01


  #1#权重布局之解析:

    LinearLayout ’s android:weightSum      LinearLayout ’s child android:layout_weight

    兼容适配的时候,比较方便:

    Defines the maximum weight sum. If unspecified, the sum is computed by adding the layout_weight of all of the children. This can be used for            instance to give a single child 50% of the total available space by giving it a layout_weight of 0.5 and setting the weightSum to 1.0.

    简单小Demo:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="#FFFFFF"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:weightSum="1">
<Button
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="0.5"
android:text="Click me"/>
</LinearLayout>

至于为什么要把Button的宽度设置为0dp,是因为,在绘制界面的时候,会根据权重算出宽度然后再加上Button的宽度,求出的和才是Button的实际宽度,计算公式如下:

Button's width + Button's weight * 200 / sum(weight)

Because the Button ’s width is 0dp , the Button ’s weight is 0.5 . With the sum(weight)
set to 1 , the result would be the following:(假设屏幕宽度为200)
0 + 0.5 * 200 / 1 = 100

参考链接:http://developer.android.com/reference/android/view/View.html

  #2# 避免重复写一些共性布局,用<include>实现

  比较简单,小Demo如下:

  

<RelativeLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
android:text="@string/hello"/>
<include layout="@layout/footer_with_layout_properties"/>
</RelativeLayout/>

And the  footer_with_layout_properties would look like the following:

<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_marginBottom="30dp"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
android:text="@string/footer_text"/>

注意:如果父布局是相对布局,而<include>里面是线性布局,那么有可能属性会冲突,那就把<include>的xml文件的layout_.. 属性,写在<include width.. height...>

即可实现预期的效果。

#3#  ViewStub

  用ViewStub类和在XML文件里面指定的布局资源文件关联起来,让布局资源文件在需要使用的时候再加载上去。主要作用是性能优化,什么时候用什么时候加载,不用在开始启动的时候一次加载,既可以加快程序的启动速度,又可以节省内存资源

  小Demo:

  

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent" > <Button
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
android:onClick="onShowMap"
android:text="@string/show_map" /> <ViewStub
android:id="@+id/map_stub"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:inflatedId="@+id/map_view"
android:layout="@layout/map" /> <include
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:layout_marginBottom="30dp"
layout="@layout/footer" /> </RelativeLayout>

布局比较简单,看不出优化效果,如果布局很复杂的话,那么优化性能就会很明显。

#4# 自定义viewgroup,以及PreferenceCategory的使用

首先要熟悉viewgroup在屏幕显示,绘制的过程,首先执行 let’s analyze the way to draw a ViewGroup . The first step is to measure its width and height, and we do this in the onMeasure() method. Inside that method, the ViewGroup will calculate its size by going through its children. We’ll make the final pass in the onLayout() method. Inside this second method, the View-Group will lay out its children using the information gathered in the onMeasure() pass.

通过2次view tree的遍历,把整个界面的绘制完成。

自定义控件参见源码即可。

--------------PreferenceCategory------Android配置界面的使用,比较简单实用。

TypedArray实例是个属性的容器,context.obtainStyledAttributes()方法返回得到。AttributeSet是节点的属性集合

android.content.res.TypedArray

包含函数 obtainStyledAttributes(AttributeSet, int[], int, int) 或者 obtainAttributes(AttributeSet, int[])检索的数组值。

在执行完之后,一定要确保调用  recycle()函数 。用于检索从这个结构对应于给定的属性位置到obtainStyledAttributes中的值。

涉及的函数介绍:

obtainStyledAttributes(AttributeSet, int[], int, int)或者

obtainAttributes(AttributeSet, int[])

定义:

public TypedArray obtainStyledAttributes (AttributeSet set, int[] attrs, int defStyleAttr, int defStyleRes)

public TypedArray obtainAttributes (AttributeSet set, int[] attrs)(说明此函数)

说明:返回一个由AttributeSet获得的一系列的基本的属性值,不需要用用一个主题或者/和样式资源执行样式。

参数:

set:现在检索的属性值;

attrs:制定的检索的属性值

public void recycle()

返回先前检索的数组,稍后再用。

/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright (c) 2012 Manning
* See the file license.txt for copying permission.
******************************************************************************/
package com.manning.androidhacks.hack004; import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.EditTextPreference;
import android.preference.Preference;
import android.preference.PreferenceActivity; public class MainActivity extends PreferenceActivity implements
OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener { @Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.prefs); Preference sharePref = findPreference("pref_share");
Intent shareIntent = new Intent();
shareIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
shareIntent.setType("text/plain");
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Check this app!");
shareIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT,
"Check this awesome app at: ...");
sharePref.setIntent(shareIntent); Preference ratePref = findPreference("pref_rate");
Uri uri = Uri.parse("market://details?id=" + getPackageName());
Intent goToMarket = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, uri);
ratePref.setIntent(goToMarket); updateUserText();
} @Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume(); getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences()
.registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this); } @Override
protected void onPause() {
super.onPause(); getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences()
.unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
} @Override
public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences, String key) { if (key.equals("pref_username")) {
updateUserText();
}
} private void updateUserText() {
EditTextPreference pref;
pref = (EditTextPreference) findPreference("pref_username");
String user = pref.getText(); if (user == null) {
user = "?";
} pref.setSummary(String.format("Username: %s", user));
}
}

  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
Copyright (c) 2012 Manning
See the file license.txt for copying permission.
--> <PreferenceScreen
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:key="pref_first_preferencescreen_key"
android:title="Preferences"> <PreferenceCategory
android:title="User"> <EditTextPreference
android:key="pref_username"
android:summary="Username:"
android:title="Username"/> </PreferenceCategory> <PreferenceCategory
android:title="Application"> <Preference
android:key="pref_rate"
android:summary="Rate the app in the store!"
android:title="Rate the app"/> <Preference
android:key="pref_share"
android:summary="Share the app with your friends"
android:title="Share it"/> <com.manning.androidhacks.hack004.preference.EmailDialog
android:dialogIcon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:dialogTitle="Send Feedback"
android:dialogMessage="Do you want to send an email with feedback?"
android:key="pref_sendemail_key"
android:negativeButtonText="Cancel"
android:positiveButtonText="OK"
android:summary="Send your feedback by e-mail"
android:title="Send Feedback"/> <com.manning.androidhacks.hack004.preference.AboutDialog
android:dialogIcon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:dialogTitle="About"
android:key="pref_about_key"
android:negativeButtonText="@null"
android:title="About"/> </PreferenceCategory> </PreferenceScreen>

  详细参考代码见Android.Hack,系列源码==========================================================================